为什么有些人对Covid-19的免疫抗体在短时间内就消失了?

为什么有些人对Covid-19的免疫抗体在短时间内就消失了?

Is it true that those who have contracted Covid-19 and are immune to this virus? If so, how long? An antibody study by the Helmholtz Institute will shed some light on this.

那些感染了Covid-19并对该病毒有免疫力的人，这是真的吗?如果有，多长时间?亥姆霍兹研究所的一项抗体研究将对此有所揭示。

After being infected - Corona will be immune - which is the hope of many people when the beginning of the pandemic - Covid-19. Even the whole concept of herd immunity is based on this notion. However, many studies show that antibodies exist only limited in the blood. What this means?

在感染后，冠状病毒将具有免疫力——这是许多人在Covid-19大流行开始时的希望。甚至整个群体免疫的概念都是基于这个。然而，许多研究表明，抗体只存在于血液中。这意味着什么呢?

During the corona pandemic many hope for immunity - after undergoing infection or through an upcoming vaccination. Both of these can help the immune system fight off pathogenic viruses and protect people from the risk of Covid-19 disease.

在冠状病毒大流行期间，许多人希望获得免疫——在感染后或通过即将进行的疫苗接种。这两种方法都可以帮助免疫系统抗击致病性病毒，保护人们免受Covid-19疾病的风险。

But many studies show that, in people with few or no symptoms at all, just a short time after being infected, the antibodies in the blood can no longer be found. It is not clear what this means for immunity.

但许多研究表明，在几乎没有症状或根本没有症状的人身上，在感染后很短时间内，血液中的抗体就再也找不到了。目前尚不清楚这对豁免意味着什么。

However, the observations give rise to suspicion of antibody tests and the current controversy over immunological certifications. Even the development of vaccines needs to understand the immunity to Sars-CoV-2.

然而，这些观察引起了对抗体测试的怀疑和目前对免疫学认证的争议。即使是疫苗的开发也需要了解对Sars-CoV-2的免疫力。

Immune reactions do not seem to be consistent in everyone. Basically the immune system reacts to the so-called T-cells in disease-causing organisms. Some -T cells activate B-cells, then produce antibodies. Antibodies bind to certain traits of an infected animal and can inactivate them.

免疫反应似乎在每个人身上都不一致。基本上，免疫系统会对病原体中的t细胞产生反应。一些-T细胞激活b细胞，然后产生抗体。抗体与受感染动物的某些特性结合并能使其失去活性。

In mild cases, it is difficult to detect Covid 19 antibodies quickly

在轻度病例中，很难快速检测到Covid 19抗体

At first glance, the presence of special antibodies is a good sign of the previous infection. However, a study by Zürich University hospital in people with mild or asymptomatic disease progression did not show the so-called IgG-antibody in the blood.

乍一看，特殊抗体的存在是以前感染的良好迹象。然而，苏黎世大学医院的一项研究表明，轻度或无症状疾病进展的患者血液中没有显示所谓的IgG抗体。

This is important for immune memory - whereby the immune system is exposed to the pathogen again and more quickly. The study so far is only a preprint - that is, it has not been tested or published by a specialist in a thematic journal.

这对免疫记忆很重要，因为免疫系统可以更快地再次接触到病原体。到目前为止，这项研究只是一份预印本——也就是说，它还没有经过专家的测试或在主题期刊上发表。

Another study published by the Lübeck health agency is also considered a preprint according to which 30% of the 110 people infected with Corona also have moderate symptoms of Covid-19 and no antibodies. In the journal Nature Medicine, Chinese researchers said that those infected without symptoms, the antibody concentration in the blood after only a short time has decreased significantly.

吕贝克卫生机构发表的另一项研究也被认为是预印本，根据该研究，110名冠状病毒感染者中有30%也有Covid-19的中度症状，且无抗体。在《自然医学》杂志上，中国研究人员说，那些感染后没有症状的人，血液中的抗体浓度在短时间内就已经显著下降。

Covid 19 suspicious immune certificate

Covid 19可疑免疫证书

From what should be on Thomas Jacobs of the Bernhard-Nocht Institute in Hamburg on tropical medicine (BNITM) is skeptical about granting immune certificates to people who have been infected with Sars-CoV-2. There is nothing scientifically proven that the presence of antibodies in itself can protect against a new infection.

汉堡Bernhard-Nocht热带医学研究所的托马斯·雅各布斯对向感染Sars-CoV-2的人颁发免疫证书持怀疑态度。没有任何科学证据证明，抗体本身的存在可以防止新的感染。

Klaus, president of the Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI), emphasized that it is necessary to distinguish antibodies: "The types of antibodies differ in quality and not all can hinder infection." It is important to find hard data: Whether or not to form an immunity, this must be measured in practice.

Paul-Ehrlich研究所所长克劳斯强调区分抗体是必要的:“抗体的类型在质量上不同，并不是所有的抗体都能阻止感染。”重要的是要找到确凿的数据:无论是否形成免疫，都必须在实践中加以衡量。

The truth about the Covid-19 immune system

Covid-19免疫系统的真相

This adaptive immune system makes sense, because in everyday life we ​​are often exposed to germs. If we can respond with light weapons, then there's no need to bring cannons to fight.

这种适应性免疫系统是有意义的，因为在日常生活中我们经常暴露在细菌中。如果我们能用轻武器反击，那么就没有必要用大炮来战斗了。

In the case of severe illness due to Covid-19, it is likely that the disease here has formed a long-term protection and protection mechanism.

在因Covid-19引起的严重疾病中，这里的疾病可能已经形成了长期的保护和保护机制。

There may be partial immunity of Covid 19

Covid 19可能有部分免疫

In this regard, the infection researcher has taken note of studies conducted in the United States and Germany: up to 30% of people who are not infected with Sars-CoV-2, but some certain T-helper cells, which respond to this virus: "They may have been exposed to the so-called Common-Cold-Coronaviren" - that is, to other types of virus which causes the common cold.

在这方面,感染研究者注意到研究在美国和德国:高达30%的人没有感染Sars-CoV-2,但某些辅助细胞,应对这种病毒:“这些熊可能已经暴露在所谓Common-Cold-Coronaviren”——也就是说,与其他类型的病毒引起感冒。

Such exposure may produce a partial immunization against Covid-19. This explains why, when infected, there are differences in motivation and symptoms, Jacobs conjectures. It remains unclear how this protection and reactivation of this T-cell functions.

这种接触可能产生对Covid-19的部分免疫。雅各布斯推测，这解释了为什么在感染时，动机和症状会有所不同。目前还不清楚这种保护和激活t细胞的功能。