从露营到外出就餐:以下是专家对4项夏季活动的风险评估

从露营到外出就餐:以下是专家对4项夏季活动的风险评估

It has been months of quarantine for many of us. The urge to get out and enjoy the summer is real. But given that coronavirus cases continue to surge in many places, what's safe? We asked a panel of infectious disease and public health experts to rate the risk of summer activities.

对我们许多人来说，已经隔离了好几个月了。出去享受夏天的冲动是真实的。但考虑到冠状病毒病例在许多地方继续激增，什么才是安全的呢?我们请了一组传染病和公共卫生专家对夏季活动的风险进行评估。

One big warning: Your personal risk depends on your age and health, the prevalence of the virus in your area and the precautions you take during any of these activities.

一个重要警告:你的个人风险取决于你的年龄和健康状况、你所在地区的病毒流行情况以及你在这些活动中采取的预防措施。

And there's no such thing as a zero-risk outing right now. As states begin allowing businesses and public areas to reopen, decisions about what's safe will be up to individuals. It can help to think through the risks the way the experts do.

现在没有所谓的零风险出游。随着各州开始允许企业和公共场所重新开放，决定什么是安全的将由个人来决定。以专家的方式思考风险会有所帮助。

1. A BYOB backyard gathering with one other household: low to medium risk

和其他家庭在后院聚会:低到中等风险

Meeting in a spacious outdoor area with only a small group isn't too risky. But our experts say that safety here depends on whom you invite and what their behaviors have been. "If you have a gathering with one other household that [has] followed social distancing, this would be a low-risk activity," says Dr. Judith Guzman-Cottrill, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health & Science University.

在一个宽敞的户外区域和一小群人会面并不太危险。但我们的专家说，这里的安全取决于你邀请了谁以及他们的行为。俄勒冈健康与科学大学的儿科传染病专家朱迪斯·古斯曼-克特锐博士说:“如果你和另一个遵循社会距离的家庭一起聚会，这将是一个低风险的活动。”

What alters risk? To lower risk, avoid sharing food, drinks or utensils. Dr. Andrew Janowski, a pediatric infectious diseases expert at Washington University in St. Louis, notes that the food itself isn't the risk but touching shared dishes or utensils could be.

做什么会改变风险?为了降低风险，避免分享食物、饮料或餐具。圣路易斯华盛顿大学的儿科传染病专家安德鲁·雅诺夫斯基博士指出，食物本身不会带来风险，但接触共用的盘子或餐具可能会带来风险。

2. Eating indoors at a restaurant: medium to high risk

在餐馆室内用餐:中到高风险

Indoor dining "is still amongst the riskier things you can do," Landon warns. The trouble is, says Miller, "people tend to linger in restaurants. So even if spacing is OK, the duration of exposure is longer." Also, he says, talking "appears to lead to some release of the virus."

兰登警告说，室内就餐“仍然是你可以做的风险更大的事情之一”。米勒说，问题是，“人们往往在餐馆里逗留。因此，即使间距正常，暴露的时间也会更长。”他说，谈话“似乎会导致病毒的释放。”

What alters risk? Janowski says the risk level depends on how well the restaurant has adapted for the pandemic. Eateries should reduce and space out seating, require servers to wear masks and offer easy access to hand-washing stations.

做什么会改变风险?危险程度取决于餐馆对大流行的改变程度。餐馆应该减少座位，腾出座位，要求服务员戴口罩，并提供方便的洗手台。

3. Attending a religious service indoors: high risk

在室内参加宗教仪式:高风险

Worship services involve people from different households coming together indoors for an extended time. "All of the ingredients are there for the potential for a lot of people becoming infected in the short amount of time," says Kimberly Powers, an epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

礼拜活动包括来自不同家庭的人们在室内长时间聚集在一起。”北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的流行病学家金伯利·鲍尔斯说：“所有这些因素都有可能使很多人在短时间内受到感染。

What alters risk: If people are appropriately socially distanced, wear masks and avoid singing, it may reduce the risk, Karan says.

做什么会改变风险:卡兰说，如果人们在社交场合保持适当的距离，戴上口罩，避免唱歌，这可能会降低风险。

4. Spending the day at a popular beach or pool: low to medium risk

在一个受欢迎的海滩或游泳池度过一天:低到中等风险

As long as you can stay socially distanced, this could be a pretty safe activity, our experts say. The problem is that many beaches have been getting crowded quickly, leading many counties and states to close their beaches periodically, as coronavirus cases sharply rise. So pay attention to conditions and restrictions in your area.

我们的专家说，只要你能保持社交距离，这可能是一个相当安全的活动。问题是，随着冠状病毒病例急剧上升，许多县和州定期关闭海滩，许多海滩变得越来越拥挤。所以要注意你所在地区的条件和限制。

The water itself is not a risk. The sheer volume of water will dilute out the virus, making the water a highly unlikely source of infection.

水本身没有风险。大量的水将稀释病毒，使水成为极不可能的感染源。

What alters risk? The key question is, how close are you to others? "Can you ensure that you can stay 6 feet [or more] from anyone outside of your designated family?" asks Rebecca Katz, director of the Center for Global Health Science and Security at Georgetown University Medical Center.

做什么会改变风险?关键问题是，你和别人有多近?乔治敦大学医学中心全球健康科学与安全中心主任丽贝卡•卡茨问道:“你能确保与指定家人以外的任何人保持6英尺(或更多)的距离吗?”

Watch out for crowds at entry points and bathrooms. Maintain social distance both on land and in the water.

注意入口处和浴室的人群。在地上和水中保持社交距离。