循环经济走进了你的客厅

循环经济走进了你的客厅

How to choose things for your home that have had, or can have, second lives.

如何为你的家选择那些已经拥有或可能拥有第二人生的东西。

The circular economy, as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, starts at the very beginning of the life of a product. "Waste and pollution are not accidents, but the consequences are made at the design stage, where 80 percent of environmental impacts are decided."

麦克阿瑟基金会定义的循环经济始于产品生命的最初阶段。“浪费和污染不是意外，但后果是在设计阶段造成的，80%的环境影响是确定的。”

CC BY 2.0. Table made from old bowling alley/ Lloyd Alter

Most discussions of the circular economy relate to single-use plastics, but Emma Loewe of Mind Body Green raises very interesting points in her post, The Rise Of The Circular Economy & What It Means For Your Home. She notes that all the issues also apply to more longer-lived items.

大多数关于循环经济的讨论都与一次性塑料有关，但是Mind Body Green的爱玛·洛伊在她的文章《循环经济的兴起&它对你的家的意义》中提出了非常有趣的观点。她指出，所有这些问题也适用于寿命更长的项目。

When applied to physical products, designing for circularity means creating things that can be reused multiple times or broken down into their constituent parts and then rebuilt into equally valuable items. It's about designing out that end-of-life step altogether and making objects that can stay in use, in some form, indefinitely.

当应用到实体产品时，循环设计意味着创建可以重复使用多次或分解为组成部分的东西，然后重新构建成同样有价值的东西。这是关于设计出终结生命的步骤，并制造出可以以某种形式无限期使用的物品。

Windows at cottage/ Lloyd Alter/CC BY 2.0

These are issues that every designer should be thinking about. And not just buying vintage furniture (like I do) but getting creative with reusing and repurposing. Years ago we discussed Adhocism, coined by Charles Jencks and Nathan Silver in 1973, "Basically it involves using an available system or dealing with an existing situation in a new way to solve a problem quickly and effectively. It is a method of creation relying particularly on resources which are already at hand." An example is the dining room table in my cabin, shown at top, made from a bowling alley that I cut out of a building early in my architectural career. My dad built the side table out of laminated shipping container flooring. Or these windows, taken from a Toronto house during a renovation and rehung in a cabin in the woods.

这些是每个设计师都应该考虑的问题。不只是买古董家具(像我一样)，还要创造性地重复使用和再利用。几年前，我们讨论过Adhocism，这个词由Charles Jencks和Nathan Silver在1973年创造，“基本上它涉及使用一个可用的系统或以一种新的方式处理现有的情况以快速有效地解决一个问题。”这是一种特别依赖现有资源的创造方法。”举个例子，我小屋里的餐桌，上面显示的，是用保龄球馆做成的，那是我在建筑生涯早期从一座建筑上剪下来的。我爸爸用集装箱复合地板做了这张边桌。或者这些窗户，是在多伦多的一所房子翻新时，在树林里的小木屋里重新挂起来的。

Ellen MacArthur Foundation/CC BY 2.0

As for buildings and communities, the Ellen Macarthur Foundation has looked at this too. As I noted in our post：

至于建筑物和社区，艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会也在关注这一问题。正如我在文章中提到的：

We currently keep a lot of people working in the linear economy, digging up resources, turning them into products like cars or buildings that then take a lot more resources to operate, use them until they wear out or we are bored with them or our needs change, then throw them away and start over.

我们现在让很多人在线性经济中工作，挖掘资源，把它们变成像汽车或建筑这样的产品，然后需要更多的资源来运作，使用它们，直到它们耗尽，或者我们对它们感到厌烦，或者我们的需求改变，然后扔掉它们，重新开始。

© Fernish

Emma Loewe points out all kinds of ways that people can think circular in their homes. One can subscribe to TerraCycle's new Loop program (although I think Katherine's ideas for living zero waste are more practical and realistic). There are furniture subscriptions services like Fernish (although I think you are better off buying used). She notes that even IKEA is thinking circular these days. "We're trying to make more from less to make less waste in our production," Lena Pripp-Kovac, head of sustainability at Inter IKEA Group.

爱玛·洛伊指出了人们在家里循环思考的各种方式。人们可以订阅TerraCycle的新循环项目(尽管我认为凯瑟琳的生活零浪费的想法更实际和现实)。也有像Fernish这样的家具订阅服务(尽管我觉得你还是买二手货比较好)。她指出，如今就连宜家也在考虑循环经济。宜家国际集团的可持续发展主管莉娜·普瑞普-科瓦克说:“我们正努力从更少的生产中获得更多，减少生产过程中的浪费。”

Making stuff takes a lot of energy and makes a lot of CO2. Traditional recycling is, well, BS. Truly going circular is not easy; as I have written before, we have to change our entire culture; it is a different way of thinking about things. But as Loewe notes, we actually can go circular in our homes and in our kitchens, and it is still pretty enough for MindBodyGreen.

制造东西需要大量的能源，产生大量的二氧化碳。传统的回收利用是废话。真正的循环并不容易;正如我之前写过的，我们必须改变我们的整个文化;这是一种不同的思考方式。但正如洛伊指出的，我们实际上可以在家里和厨房循环使用，这对MindBodyGreen来说已经足够了。