在夏天来临的时候，注意防晒，保持户外健康

在夏天来临的时候，注意防晒，保持户外健康

As stay-at-home orders loosen and the weather warms, remember to practice safe sun care in addition to social distancing measures.

随着居家令的限制的缓解和天气的变暖，记住除了社交距离措施之外，还要进行安全的防晒护理。

As we welcome sunshine and warmer weather after being hunkered down for weeks, many of us will be more excited than ever to spend time outside.

当我们在被困数周后迎来阳光和温暖的天气时，我们中的许多人将比以往任何时候都更兴奋地在外面度过。

But whether you are simply looking for some fresh air during a walk or hoping to get an extra dose of the "sunshine vitamin" — that is, immunity-supporting vitamin D — dermatologists say it's as important as ever to practice safe sun to protect against skin cancer.

但无论你只是在散步时寻找新鲜空气，还是希望获得额外剂量的“阳光维生素”——也就是支持免疫力的维生素D——皮肤科医生说，实践防晒安全来预防皮肤癌和以往一样重要。

Skin cancer includes melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

皮肤癌包括黑素瘤和非黑素瘤皮肤癌，其中包括基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌。

"Melanoma is the most deadly, and the chance of it taking your life is directly proportional to the stage at which it is diagnosed," said board-certified dermatologist Dr. Bruce H. Thiers, president of the American Academy of Dermatology. "If you can treat it early when it is just in the skin, it's basically 100% curable."

“黑色素瘤是最致命的，它夺走你生命的几率与它被诊断的阶段成正比，”美国皮肤学会主席、认证皮肤科医生布鲁斯·H·蒂尔斯博士说。“如果你能在皮肤早期治疗阶段，它基本上是100%可以治愈的。”

Even better news is that most skin cancers are preventable, and there are steps you can take to minimize your risk.

更好的消息是，大多数皮肤癌是可以预防的，你可以采取一些措施将风险降到最低。

"We're not telling anyone to be a hermit. We know people like to be outside, but be sensible," Thiers said.

“我们并不是让任何人去做隐士。我们知道人们喜欢呆在外面，但是要理智。” 蒂尔斯说。

"If you go to the beach, stay in the shade under an umbrella. Avoid sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Wear sun protective clothing and UV protected sunglasses and apply sunscreen on all exposed skin."

“如果你去海滩，在阴凉处撑把伞。避免在上午10点到下午2点之间晒太阳。穿上防晒衣服，戴上防紫外线的太阳镜，并在所有暴露在外的皮肤上涂防晒霜。”

Vitamin D and sun exposure

维生素D和阳光照射

That's right — even during pandemic times, it's important to apply sunscreen properly, despite the fact that doing so will block vitamin D synthesis in skin.

这是正确的——即使在流行病时期，正确涂抹防晒霜也很重要，尽管这样做会阻碍皮肤中维生素D的合成。

Vitamin D has received a lot of attention for its role in supporting immune health.

维生素D因其在支持免疫健康方面的作用而受到广泛关注。

The vitamin is part of the immune response to an immediate threat and activates our first line of defense against infection, explained Dr. Adam Friedman, professor and interim chair of dermatology at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

乔治华盛顿大学医学与健康科学学院皮肤学教授兼临时主席亚当·弗里德曼博士解释说，维生素是应对直接威胁的免疫反应的一部分，激活我们抵御感染的第一道防线。

Our skin can synthesize vitamin D if it's exposed, without sunscreen, to ultraviolet B light from the sun. "It was an evolutionary mechanism [to meet D needs] when we didn't have a Walgreens down the street from us," Friedman said. "Now, we can get vitamin D from our diet or through supplementation."

如果没有防晒霜，我们的皮肤暴露在太阳的紫外线B下，也能合成维生素D。“这是一种进化机制(满足需求)，当我们的街道没有沃尔格林药店的时候，”弗里德曼说。“现在，我们可以从饮食中或通过补充来获得维生素D。”

Food sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, eggs, tofu, mushrooms, cheese and fortified milk and juices.

富含维生素D的食物包括脂肪丰富的鱼、鸡蛋、豆腐、蘑菇、奶酪、强化牛奶和果汁。

Dermatologist Dr. Carolyn Jacob, founder and director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology, recommended that people get tested for vitamin D levels, which can alert you as to whether or not you should consider a vitamin D supplement.

芝加哥整形外科和皮肤科的创始人和主任，皮肤科医生卡罗琳·雅各布博士建议人们进行维生素D水平测试，这可以提醒你是否应该考虑补充维生素D。

The sun is a source of UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are responsible for producing sunburn, while UVA rays play a greater role in the development of premature skin aging, including wrinkles and age spots.

太阳是UVA和UVB射线的来源。UVB射线是导致晒伤的罪魁祸首，而UVA射线则是导致皮肤过早老化的罪魁祸首，包括皱纹和老年斑。

Both UVA and UVB rays can cause skin cancer, however. Because of this, it's best to apply a sunscreen that has broad spectrum protection, which blocks both UVA and UVB rays, Thiers explained. Sunscreen should also be water-resistant and have a minimum SPF of 30, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. You should generously apply it to all skin not covered by clothing, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.

然而，UVA和UVB射线都能导致皮肤癌。蒂尔斯解释说，因此，最好使用具有广谱保护的防晒霜，可以阻挡UVA和UVB射线。美国皮肤学会表示，防晒霜还应该防水，防晒系数至少为30。你应该在所有没有被衣服覆盖的皮肤上大量涂抹，每两个小时或者游泳或流汗后再涂抹一次。

If you use a spray sunscreen, Friedman recommended spraying the sunscreen into your hands and then applying, which will prevent losses into the air.

弗里德曼建议，如果你使用防晒喷雾，先将防晒霜喷在手上，然后涂抹，这样可以防止防晒霜流失到空气中。