研究发现，学龄前儿童正在使用专为成人设计的应用程序

研究发现，学龄前儿童正在使用专为成人设计的应用程序

Relaxing the rules on screen time for kids has become more acceptable during the pandemic as parents struggle to balance working from home with the demands of childcare, schoolwork.

在流行病期间，放松对孩子屏幕时间的规定已变得更容易被接受，因为家长们正在努力平衡在家工作与照顾儿童、课业的需求。

"As long as they're eating healthy, getting exercise, sleeping, getting downtime, I think it's OK to be a little bit more lenient on your screen time rules," pediatrician and author Dr. Tanya Altmann told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta on a recent podcast.

儿科医生、作家塔尼亚·阿尔特曼医生在最近的一个播客中告诉CNN首席医疗记者桑杰·古普塔:“只要他们饮食健康、锻炼身体、睡眠充足、休息时间充足，我认为对屏幕时间的规定稍微宽松一点是可以的。”

But that doesn't mean parents should relax their vigilance on the type of content their child is viewing or forget to keep tabs on total time spent on screens.

但这并不意味着父母应该放松对孩子观看内容类型的警惕，或者忘记关注孩子花在屏幕上的总时间。

Violent and adult material

暴力和成人内容

Children as young as 3 years old are accessing apps intended for users over the age of 17 with adult themes, such as gambling and violence, according to a new study published Monday in Pediatrics. The study followed the screen use of 350 children ages 3 and 4 for a nine-month period between 2018 and 2019.

根据周一发表在《儿科学》上的一项新研究，3岁的儿童正在使用专为17岁以上用户设计的带有赌博和暴力等成人主题的应用程序。这项研究在2018年至2019年的9个月时间里跟踪了350名3岁至4岁儿童的屏幕使用情况。

"We found dozens of apps in the output from children's mobile devices that were violent," said lead author Dr. Jenny Radesky, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and researcher at Michigan Medicine C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. "That was one of the most concerning findings of our study."

“我们在儿童移动设备输出的应用程序中发现了数十个暴力的应用程序，”该研究的第一作者珍妮·雷德斯基博士说。她是密歇根医学中心莫特儿童医院的发展行为儿科医生和研究员。“这是我们研究中最令人担忧的发现之一。”

Parents miscalculate screen time

父母错误地计算了屏幕时间

The study was unique in that it used objective measurements to capture the children's screen time, rather than relying on parental memory.

这项研究的独特之处在于，它使用了客观的测量方法来记录孩子们在屏幕前的时间，而不是依赖于父母的记忆。

An app captured usage data on each child's Android device and uploaded it every 15 minutes while the device was connected to Wi-Fi. For iOS users, parents were asked to take a screenshot of the device's battery page at the end of the study.

一款应用程序捕捉到每个孩子的安卓设备的使用数据，并在设备连接Wi-Fi时每15分钟上传一次。对于iOS用户，父母被要求在研究结束时截取手机电池页面的截图。

When that data was compared to parent surveys about the amount of time their child has spent on screens, the results were much different. A third of parents (37%) underestimated their child's screen time, while another third (35%) overestimated the time, with most being off by an average of 70 minutes. The remaining third (28%) estimated correctly.

当将这些数据与父母关于孩子花在屏幕上的时间的调查进行比较时，结果非常不同。三分之一的家长(37%)低估了孩子的屏幕时间，而另外三分之一的家长(35%)高估了孩子的屏幕时间，大多数家长平均少了70分钟。剩下的三分之一(28%)估计正确。

The most commonly used apps among the 3- and 4-year-olds in the study were YouTube and YouTube Kids, followed by browsers, the camera and photograph gallery and video-streaming services such as Netflix.

在这项研究中，三、四岁儿童最常使用的应用程序是YouTube和YouTube Kids，其次是浏览器、相机、照片库和Netflix等流媒体视频服务。

A growing concern

越来越多的担忧

The majority of parents allow their children to play games or watch videos on their smartphones, while up to 75% of young children have their own tablets. Parents even allow babies to handle mobile devices during their first year of life.

大多数家长允许孩子在智能手机上玩游戏或看视频，而高达75%的幼儿拥有自己的平板电脑。父母甚至允许婴儿在一岁时使用移动设备。

But studies show that too much time spent on screens can affect how a child's brain grows.

但研究表明，花在屏幕上的时间过多会影响孩子大脑的发育。

A study published last year took MRIs of preschoolers' brains and found those who used screens more than the recommended one hour a day without parental involvement had lower levels of development in the brain's white matter — an area key to the development of language, literacy and cognitive skills.

去年发表的一项研究对学龄前儿童的大脑进行了核磁共振成像，发现那些每天使用屏幕超过建议的一小时且没有父母参与的儿童，其大脑白质的发育水平较低。白质是发育语言、读写和认知技能的关键区域。

Science is continuing to learn more and more about the pros and cons of screen time, but in the meantime, experts suggested parents, no matter how stressed, may want to make checking on their child's screen time a habit.

科学在不断地研究屏幕时间的利与弊，但与此同时，专家们建议，无论压力有多大，家长们都应该养成检查孩子屏幕时间的习惯。