运动和饮食如何影响冠状病毒感染风险

运动和饮食如何影响冠状病毒感染风险

How you move and how you eat could have an impact on how your body responds when faced with the coronavirus. Like so many other health complications, diet and exercise seem to affect the body's ability to fight COVID-19 — the disease caused by the coronavirus — and its complications.

当你面对冠状病毒时，你的移动和饮食方式可能会影响你的身体反应。和许多其他健康并发症一样，饮食和锻炼似乎会影响身体对抗COVID-19(由冠状病毒引起的疾病)及其并发症的能力。

Fitness instructor Julia Basa leads an online Zumba class from her backyard in Melbourne, Australia, in early April. (Photo: Robert Cianflone/Getty Images)

Exercise and COVID-19 complications

运动和COVID-19并发症

Regular exercise may help reduce the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a dangerous and potentially fatal condition caused by COVID-19, according to new research.

根据一项新的研究，经常锻炼可能有助于降低急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的风险，急性呼吸窘迫综合征是由COVID-19引起的一种危险且可能致命的疾病。

ARDS results when fluid builds up in in the tiny air sacs in the lungs, according to the Mayo Clinic. When this happens, lungs aren't able to fill completely because of the fluid. That means less oxygen reaches the bloodstream, so organs don't have enough oxygen to function.

梅奥诊所称，当液体在肺部的微小气囊中积聚时，就会产生ARDS。当这种情况发生时，由于液体的存在，肺部无法完全充满。这意味着进入血液的氧气更少，因此器官没有足够的氧气来运作。

Yan, the director of the Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at UVA's Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, reviewed medical research of an antioxidant known as extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD). The antioxidant protects tissues from damage and increases healing. It's naturally made by muscles, but production is increased during cardiovascular exercise. The results of the findings were published in Redox Biology.

弗吉尼亚大学Robert M. Berne心血管研究中心骨骼肌研究中心主任Yan回顾了一种被称为细胞外超氧化物歧化酶(EcSOD)的抗氧化剂的医学研究。抗氧化剂保护组织免受伤害，促进愈合。它是由肌肉自然产生的，但在心血管运动中会增加。研究结果发表在《氧化还原生物学》杂志上。

According to Yan's analysis, even just one workout session can increase production of the antioxidant. So, he's encouraging people to find a way to exercise while making sure to maintain social distancing.

根据Yan的分析，即使只是一次锻炼就可以增加抗氧化剂的产生。所以，他鼓励人们在保持社交距离的同时找到一种锻炼的方式。

How diet impacts coronavirus risk

饮食如何影响冠状病毒风险

It can be difficult to find healthy foods based on where you live, what's available in stores and what you can afford. (Photo: Mlnp/Shutterstock.com)

In addition to exercise, diet plays a key role in how our bodies respond to the coronavirus. We know that underlying conditions are what make so many people susceptible to COVID-19. Those with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure are at the highest risk. Many of these conditions are impacted by diet.

除了锻炼，饮食在我们的身体如何应对冠状病毒方面也起着关键作用。我们知道，导致如此多的人容易感染COVID-19的根本原因。肥胖、2型糖尿病、心脏病或高血压患者的风险最高。很多情况都受到饮食的影响。

But it's not just making a few smart food choices once in a while. It's a complete lifestyle change that can be affected by everything from where and how you live to culture, resources and habits.

但这不仅仅是偶尔做出一些明智的食物选择。这是一种完全的生活方式的改变，从你生活的地方和方式到文化、资源和习惯都会影响到你。

Poor diet is "now the leading cause of poor health in the U.S.," Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, dean of the Freidman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, told Jane E. Brody of The New York Times. Fewer than one American adult in five is metabolically healthy, he said.

在美国，不良的饮食习惯是导致健康状况不佳的主要原因。塔夫茨大学弗雷德曼营养科学与政策学院院长达里乌什·莫扎法里安博士对《纽约时报》的简·E·布罗迪说。他说，只有不到五分之一的美国成年人代谢是健康的。

Many people are turning to unhealthy comfort foods during this crisis. Others are limited in what they can find because of empty store shelves. But the biggest problem is those who live in food deserts and poor communities that never had access to healthy foods in the first place.

许多人在这场危机中转向不健康的安慰食品。还有一些人因为商店的货架是空的，所以他们能找到的东西有限。但最大的问题是那些生活在食物沙漠和贫困社区的人，他们从一开始就无法获得健康的食物。

"Clearly, when this pandemic subsides, a lot more attention to the American diet will be needed to ward off future medical, economic and social calamities from whatever pathogen next comes down the pike."

“很明显，当这场大流行消退后，美国人的饮食将需要更多的关注，以避免未来的医疗、经济和社会灾难，无论下一个病原体是什么。”