随着美国的重启，这是健康专家想让你知道的

随着美国的重启，这是健康专家想让你知道的

Over the last few months, we have largely stayed at home to curb the spread of a new pathogen. While we all watch the race for a vaccine for this novel coronavirus, the world is also growing impatient, and frankly, a little stir crazy.

在过去的几个月里，我们大部分时间都呆在家里，以遏制一种新病原体的传播。当我们都在观看这种新型冠状病毒疫苗的研制竞赛时，世界也变得越来越不耐烦，坦率地说，有点疯狂。

Every call I get from family and friends and every discussion around our own dinner table is fundamentally about the same thing: What is the risk of a particular activity? Because Covid-19 is novel, we are forced to evaluate risk in a way that is new for most of us. The truth is, even experts who have spent their lives studying viruses struggle with these decisions. Yet, with limited information and everything on the line, these decisions must be made.

我接到的每一个来自家人和朋友的电话，以及围绕着我们餐桌的每一次讨论，本质上都是同一个问题:某项活动的风险是什么?由于Covid-19是一种新疾病，我们被迫以一种对大多数人来说都是全新的方式评估风险。事实是，即使是花了毕生精力研究病毒的专家也很难做出这样的决定。然而，在有限的信息和一切都处于危险之中的情况下，必须做出这些决定。

Here, we are trying to open a dialogue about navigating life through a pandemic. While nobody has all the answers, everybody has something to add to this conversation.

在这里，我们正试图开启一场对话，探讨如何在大流行中引领生活。虽然没有人知道所有的答案，但是在这场谈话中每个人都有一些东西要说。

Dr. Jay C. Butler

Jay C. 巴特勒博士

Things have opened up: Where are we as a nation? What is it like for you where you are?

事情已经重新开放：我们作为国家处于什么方位?在那里感觉怎么样?

Butler is the deputy director for infectious diseases at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

巴特勒是亚特兰大美国疾病控制和预防中心传染病部门的副主任。

I would say “things are opening up”— there is variability in how much mitigation measures are easing up in difference jurisdictions. This is appropriate, given that the disease transmission rates differ from one area to another. As a nation, we have been successful in “flattening the curve.” But in some areas, transmission is on the upswing, often driven by clusters in facilities such as long-term care facilities, certain worksites or any high congregated settings.

我会说，“事情正在逐渐开放”——不同司法管辖区的缓解措施有所不同。这是适当的，因为不同地区的疾病传播率不同。作为一个国家，我们已经成功地“拉平了(疾病)曲线”。“但在一些地区，传播呈上升趋势，往往是由长期护理机构、某些工作场所或任何高度集中的环境等设施的集群驱动的。

The virus is still present and currently most people are still susceptible, even in some of the hardest hit areas. A complete switch to being “opened up” will very likely cause a rebound in the number of cases and run the risk of overwhelming critical infrastructure and the healthcare system with a large number of people who are ill at the same time.

病毒仍然存在，目前大多数人仍然易受感染，即使在一些受影响最严重的地区也是如此。完全“开放”将很可能导致病例数量反弹，同时有大量患者患病，可能使关键基础设施和医疗系统不堪重负。

What is the single most important milestone that needs to be met before we reopen?

在我们重新开放之前需要达到的最重要的里程碑是什么?

There are a number of metrics that should be monitored to track the effects of opening up and guide us in the decision of whether to increase certain mitigation measure again.

有一些指标应该被监控，以跟踪开放的影响，并指导我们决定是否再次增加某些缓解措施。

These include: (1) the number of cases in the community and the trends in the number of new cases, (2) the amount of illness in the community (both Covid-19-like illness and influenza-like illness to provide a measure of whether the healthcare system may be overwhelmed), and (3) the readiness of the health care and public health systems.

其中包括：(1)出现病例的社区数量和新病例数量的趋势;(2)社区的疾病数量(包括Covid-19样疾病和流感样疾病，以衡量医疗体系是否不堪重负)，(3)卫生保健和公共卫生系统的准备程度。

Which services do you think should be first to reopen in your community?

你认为哪些服务应该首先在你的社区重新开放?

The first services that I hope to see restored are basic medical, dental, and mental health services. While some care can be provided by telemedicine, and can be provided very well, not all care can. Ongoing care for chronic medical conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and addictions, will need to resume to maintain health of persons with these conditions.

我希望恢复的第一项服务是基本医疗、牙科和精神卫生服务。虽然有些护理可以通过远程医疗提供，而且可以提供得很好，但并不是所有的护理都可以。需要继续对包括高血压、糖尿病、癌症和成瘾在内的慢性疾病进行治疗，以维持这些疾病患者的健康。