过滤咖啡和未过滤咖啡:哪种类型的咖啡更有益于健康?

过滤咖啡和未过滤咖啡:哪种类型的咖啡更有益于健康?

Whether you’re a six cups of instant a day or one cup of artisanal brew sort of person, coffee is a drink adored by weary adults far and wide, but depending on your breed of brew the health outcomes can differ. Now, thanks to science, a study published in the European Journal of Preventative Cardiology has cracked the healthiest cuppa.

不管你是那种每天喝六杯速溶咖啡的人，还是那种只喝一杯手工咖啡的人，咖啡都是深受疲惫的成年人喜爱的饮品，但不同的咖啡品种对健康的影响也不同。现在，多亏了科学，发表在《欧洲预防心脏病学杂志》上的一项研究已经破解了最健康的咖啡。

And the winner is… filtered coffee! Here’s why…

获胜者是……过滤咖啡!原因如下…

Rachael Funnell

Coffee is a stimulant, which is why it can help perk us up when we’re feeling a little worse for wear. Around 30 years ago, study author Professor Dag S. Thelle of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, discovered that coffee consumption could result in a raised total cholesterol and an increase in the "bad" LDL cholesterol. The increase was considered significant enough to have a detrimental impact on health and longevity. The link was investigated further and Thelle and his team were able to pinpoint the guilty substances within coffee. It was found that using a filter could remove these as a cup of filtered coffee contained 30 times less lipid-raising substances compared to unfiltered.

咖啡是一种兴奋剂，这就是为什么当我们感到有点糟糕的时候，它可以帮助我们振作起来。大约30年前，该研究的作者，瑞典哥德堡大学的Dag S. Thelle教授发现，喝咖啡会导致总胆固醇升高和“坏”的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇增加。显著的的增加足以对健康和寿命产生有害影响。Thelle和他的团队进一步调查了两者之间的联系，确定了咖啡中的有害物质。研究发现，使用过滤器可以去除这些物质，因为一杯过滤过的咖啡所含的升脂物质是未过滤的咖啡的30倍。

The actual impact of unfiltered coffee compared to filtered wasn’t thoroughly understood, but for moral reasons the researchers couldn’t conduct a study encouraging people to consume it and find out. Instead, from 1985 to 2003, the study looked at the coffee habits of 508,747 healthy Norweigan men and women. The participants divulged in a survey how much and what type of coffee they consumed in a survey, the results of which were compared against data on their lifestyles and health records.

未过滤咖啡和过滤咖啡的实际影响还没有被完全了解，但由于道德上的原因，研究人员无法进行一项鼓励人们饮用咖啡的研究。相反，从1985年到2003年，这项研究调查了508,747名健康的挪威男性和女性的咖啡习惯。参与者在一项调查中透露了他们喝了多少咖啡、喝了什么类型的咖啡，并将调查结果与他们的生活方式和健康记录进行了对比。

The research group was followed up for an average of 20 years, and of the 508,747participants a total of 46,341 died. Of those, 12,621 deaths were from cardiovascular disease and 6,202 of which were caused by a heart attack. Analysis of the results found that by and large, drinking coffee was not a dangerous habit. Drinking filtered coffee was actually found to be safer than not drinking any coffee at all, with a 12 percent and 20 percent reduction in risk of death from cardiovascular disease for men and women respectively. The lowest risk of death was seen in coffee drinkers limiting themselves to one to four cups a day.

研究小组平均跟踪调查了20年，508,747名参与者中，共有46,341人死亡。其中，12621人死于心血管疾病，6202人死于心脏病发作。分析结果发现，总的来说，喝咖啡并不是一个危险的习惯。研究发现，饮用过滤咖啡比完全不喝咖啡更安全，男性和女性死于心血管疾病的风险分别降低了12%和20%。死亡风险最低的是那些每天只喝一到四杯咖啡的人。

Professor Thelle of the study said in a statement: "The finding that those drinking the filtered beverage did a little better than those not drinking coffee at all could not be explained by any other variable such as age, gender, or lifestyle habits. So we think this observation is true."

该研究的塞勒教授在一份声明中说:“饮用过滤饮料的人比完全不喝咖啡的人表现稍好，这一发现不能用年龄、性别或生活习惯等其他变量来解释。”所以我们认为这个观察结果是正确的。”

The research also noted that unfiltered coffee didn’t appear to raise the risk of death from cardiovascular disease when compared to abstaining, apart from males aged 60 and above, but this might have been due to inconsistent coffee drinking habits. Thelle said, "We believe that some women and younger men drinking unfiltered coffee switched to filtered, thereby reducing the strength of the association with cardiovascular mortality, whereas older men were less inclined to change their habits."

研究还指出，除了年龄在60岁以上的男性外，未过滤的咖啡与不过滤的相比，似乎并没有增加死于心血管疾病的风险，但这可能是由于不一致的咖啡饮用习惯造成的。Thelle说:“我们认为，一些饮用未过滤咖啡的女性和年轻男性转而饮用过滤咖啡，从而降低了心血管疾病死亡率，而年纪较大的男性则不太愿意改变他们的习惯。”

Professor Thelle emphasized that his conclusions are built on observational data, but is confident that the findings constitute convincing evidence of a link between coffee brewing methods, heart attacks, and life span. He stated that, if pushed by health authorities for his advice, it would be: "For people who know they have high cholesterol levels and want to do something about it, stay away from unfiltered brew, including coffee made with a cafetière. For everyone else, drink your coffee with a clear conscience and go for filtered."

Thelle教授强调，他的结论是建立在观察数据的基础上的，但他相信，这些发现构成了令人信服的证据，证明咖啡酿造方法、心脏病发作和寿命之间存在联系。他说，如果卫生当局向他征求意见，他的建议将是:“那些知道自己胆固醇水平高，并想做点什么的人，远离未经过滤的咖啡，包括用咖啡壶煮的咖啡。”对其他人来说，喝咖啡要问心无愧，喝过滤过的咖啡。”