如何搭配食物来降低你患痴呆症的风险
如何搭配食物来降低你患痴呆症的风险
You are what you eat, the saying goes, and that's definitely true for the brain. A diet full of green leafy vegetables, berries, nuts, whole grains and fish -- known as the Mediterranean diet-- has been linked to a lower risk of dementia. Studies on similar diets, such as the MIND diet, have also shown a benefit in boosting cognitive function.
俗话说，吃什么补什么，这对大脑来说绝对是真理。多吃绿叶蔬菜、浆果、坚果、全谷物和鱼类的地中海饮食被认为可以降低患痴呆症的风险。对类似饮食的研究，如心智饮食，也显示出在提高认知功能方面的益处。
Now a new study has found that it's not just what you eat, but the foods you eat together in a sort of food "network" that may increase your risk for Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia.
现在一项新的研究发现，不仅仅是你吃了什么，而是你在某种食物“网络”中一起吃的食物可能会增加你患老年痴呆症和其他形式的痴呆症的风险。
"People with dementia were more likely, when they ate processed meat, to accompany it with potatoes, and people without dementia were more likely to accompany meat with more diverse foods, including fruit and vegetables and seafood," said study author Cécilia Samieri, an epidemiologist from the University of Bordeaux in France.
法国波尔多大学流行病学家、研究报告作者塞西莉亚·萨米里说：“痴呆症患者在食用加工肉类时，更可能与土豆一起食用，而没有痴呆症的患者更可能与肉类一起食用更多种类的食物，包括水果、蔬菜和海鲜。”
"We found that more diversity in diet, and greater inclusion of a variety of healthy foods, is related to less dementia," Samieri said.
萨米里说：“我们发现，饮食更加多样化，以及更多的健康食品，痴呆症发病率就会降低。”
The study was published Thursday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
这项研究发表在周四的《神经病学》杂志上，这是美国神经病学学会的医学杂志。
"In this study, the food 'network' linked with dementia was characterized by deli meats as the main 'hub', with connections to high-starchy foods like potatoes, as well as other meats and alcohol," said neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, director of the Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medicine.
“在这项研究中，与痴呆症有关的食物‘网络’以熟食肉为主要‘枢纽’，与高淀粉食物如土豆以及其他肉类和酒精有关，”威尔康奈尔医学院老年痴呆症预防诊所主任、神经学家理查德·艾萨克森博士说。
"When it comes to diet and brain health, variety is the spice of life," said Isaacson, who was not involved with the study.
“说到饮食和大脑健康，多样化是生活的调味品，”艾萨克森说，他没有参与这项研究。
The study asked over 600 older people in France what they ate, then followed them for five years during regular medical checkups. At the end of that time, 209 of the group had developed dementia.
该研究询问了法国600多名老年人的饮食情况，然后对他们进行了5年的定期体检。在这段时间结束时，其中209人患上了痴呆症。
When researchers looked at the foods they ate, there wasn't much difference in individual food choices. But there was a huge difference in how those without dementia had grouped their foods.
当研究人员观察他们所吃的食物时，个体的食物选择并没有太大的不同。但是那些没有痴呆的人对食物的分类却有很大的不同。
People with no signs of cognitive decline tended to group their foods into smaller, more diverse food "networks." Those choices typically included healthier foods, such as seafood, fruits and vegetables.
认知能力没有下降迹象的人倾向于把食物分成更小、更多样化的食物“网络”。这些选择通常包括更健康的食物，如海鲜、水果和蔬菜。
However, the 209 people who developed dementia were more likely to combine "highly processed meats such as sausages, cured meats and patés with starchy foods like potatoes, alcohol and snacks like cookies and cakes," Samieri said.
不过，萨米里说，209名患痴呆症的人更有可能将“香肠、腌肉和肉酱等高度加工的肉类与土豆、酒精等淀粉类食物以及饼干和蛋糕等零食结合起来”。
"In fact, we found differences in food networks that could be seen years before people with dementia were diagnosed," Samieri said.
萨米里说：“事实上，我们发现在痴呆症患者被诊断之前几年就可以看到食物网络的差异。
"Overall, this is an important study that underscores the complexity of the relationship between dietary choices and cognitive health, but again shows support that nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that can be changed to improve outcomes," Isaacson said.
艾萨克森说:“总的来说，这是一项重要的研究，它强调了饮食选择与认知健康之间关系的复杂性，但也再次表明，营养是一个可以改变的风险因素，可以通过改变来改善结果。”
"I often tell my patients that you can't expect to eat a 'magic blueberry' to prevent Alzheimer's or delay cognitive aging," he said. "But blueberries in combination with a colorful palate of other brain-healthy foods, like plentiful green leafy vegetables, fish twice a week and whole grains in moderation, will yield the most benefit over time."
他说：“我经常告诉我的病人，你不能指望吃‘神奇蓝莓’来预防老年痴呆症或延缓认知老化。”但蓝莓加上其他有益大脑健康的食物，如丰富的绿叶蔬菜、每周两次的鱼和适量的全谷类食物，随着时间的推移，将产生最大的益处。”
