从COVID-19恢复需要多长时间?

从COVID-19恢复需要多长时间?

Around the world, COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to grow each day. Yet, there are also more than 440.000 people globally who have recovered to date.

在世界各地，COVID-19病例和死亡人数每天都在增加。然而，迄今为止，全球也有超过44万人康复。

For those who have had the illness, recovery can be a slow journey. And even after you're feeling better, there can be a period of uncertainty. After days or weeks of isolation, you may be eager to see family again and even step foot into the outer world. But how soon is too soon? And how do you know when you're no longer infectious?

对于那些患病的人来说，康复是一个缓慢的过程。即使你感觉好些了，也会有一段不确定的时期。在与世隔绝的几天或几周之后，你可能渴望再次见到家人，甚至踏入外面的世界。但是多快才算快呢?你怎么知道你什么时候不再有感染力?

For answers, we've turned to several experts, including two doctors who both got diagnosed with COVID-19 in mid-March and have since recovered. Rosny Daniel, 32. an emergency department doctor at the University of California, San Francisco, is back on the job and feeling "completely back to normal."

为了找到答案，我们咨询了几位专家，其中包括两名医生，他们都在3月中旬被诊断出患有COVID-19.目前已经康复。32岁的罗斯尼·丹尼尔是加州大学旧金山分校的急诊科医生，他已经重返工作岗位，感觉“完全恢复了正常”。

And Darren Klugman, 45. a pediatric cardiologist, says he's feeling "100%" and is also back to work after isolating himself away from his family.

45岁的儿科心脏病专家达伦·克卢格曼说，他感觉“百分之百(康复)”，在把自己与家人隔离后，他也回到了工作岗位。

Klugman says the news of the rising COVID-19 deaths is heartbreaking and sobering. He says it points to the critical need for pandemic planning. But he says it's almost as important to realize how many people are recovering. "The majority of people will have a mild-to-moderate flu-like illness like I had," Klugman says.

克卢格曼说，死亡人数上升的消息令人心碎，也发人深省。他说，这表明了制定大流行规划的迫切需要。但他表示，意识到有多少人正在康复几乎同样重要。克卢格曼说:“大多数人会像我一样有轻度到中度的流感样疾病。”

He says that it's critical for everyone to follow social distancing guidelines and that if you do suspect you may be sick — whether or not you have tested positive — take action to protect yourself and those around you. "Most important is recognizing the symptoms early, isolating oneself and really strictly abiding by the quarantine rules," Klugman says.

他说，对每个人来说，遵循社交距离准则是至关重要的，如果你怀疑自己可能生病了，不管你的检测结果是否呈阳性，那就采取行动保护你自己和你周围的人。“最重要的是及早发现症状，隔离自己，真正严格遵守隔离规则，”克卢格曼说。

Am I well yet? What to watch for if you think you're getting well.

我好了吗?如果你认为你正在康复，你应该注意什么。

Daniel says people who get COVID-19 can have a wide range of symptoms and the severity of the sickness can range a great deal from person to person. "It's incredibly confusing, and there is a big amount of unpredictability to it," he says.

丹尼尔说，得了COVID-19的人可能会有各种各样的症状，而且病情的严重程度因人而异。他说:“这非常令人困惑，而且有很大的不可预测性。”

But keep an eye out if you think you're better after a few days, because you may still get worse. Daniel says for the first few days of his illness he had aches and chills. He developed a fever and a mild cough and felt wiped out, tired."My muscles hurt really bad in my legs. I felt really sore," he says. "[It was] painful to the point that they felt like they were tingling."

但是，如果你认为几天后你就会好起来，请注意，因为你可能还会变得更糟。丹尼尔说，在他生病的头几天，他一直感到疼痛和发冷。他开始发烧，还有轻微的咳嗽，觉得累极了。“我腿部的肌肉疼得很厉害。我觉得很疼，”他说。“痛苦到让他们感到刺痛的程度。”

He started to feel better, but then, on day seven, the symptoms came back and he started to also have trouble breathing.

他开始感觉好一些了，但是在第七天，症状又出现了，他开始呼吸困难。

He has mild asthma and Type 1 diabetes, two underlying conditions linked to an increased risk of serious illness. He began using his inhalers to treat the asthma. He also took an antibiotic to treat what may have been a secondary bacterial infection in his lung. After several days, he felt much better.

他患有轻度哮喘和1型糖尿病，这两种疾病都会增加严重疾病的风险。他开始用他的呼吸器来治疗哮喘。他还服用了抗生素来治疗肺部的继发性细菌感染。几天后，他感觉好多了。

Klugman says he felt sick for about 10 days. At first he had "intermittent chills and body aches," and then he developed a low fever and a "very prominent cough." Based on these symptoms, he quarantined himself away from his family for 14 days.

克卢格曼说，他大约病了10天。起初，他“间歇性发冷，身体疼痛”，后来他开始低烧，“咳嗽得很厉害”。基于这些症状，他将自己与家人隔离了14天。

What are the guidelines for when you can stop isolating yourself after you've been sick?

当你生病后什么时候可以停止自我隔离?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidance saying people with COVID-19 can stop isolating themselves when they've been fever free for 72 hours — that's three days after the fever ends. And to note: That is without the use of fever-reducing medicine. This should accompany an improvement in respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath, and should be at least seven days from the onset of initial symptoms.

美国疾病控制与预防中心发布了一项指导意见，称COVID-19患者在72小时内不发烧时可以停止自我隔离，这是退烧后的第三天。注意:这是不使用退烧药的。这应该伴随着呼吸道症状的改善，如咳嗽和呼吸短促，并且应该至少在最初症状出现后7天。

What does the science say about how long people may stay contagious after they've recovered?

关于人们康复后传染性会保持多久，科学是怎么说的?

It's not fully known how long a person with COVID-19 is infectious. "A rough guide for other infections is that infectiousness drops when the fever subsides," says Ben Cowling, a professor of public health at the University of Hong Kong.

目前还不完全清楚COVID-19的感染时间。香港大学公共卫生教授本·考林说:“对其他感染的一个粗略的指导是，当发烧消退时，传染性就会下降。”

Aaron Carroll, a professor of medicine at Indiana University, says there's still some uncertainty. "We still don't have enough data to really know how long people are infectious," he says.

印第安纳大医学教授阿伦•卡罗尔表示，目前仍存在一些不确定性。他说:“我们仍然没有足够的数据来真正了解人的传染性有多长。”

I feel well and back to normal. When can I see my older family members again?

我感觉很好，恢复正常了。我什么时候能再见到家里的长辈?

A lot of people who feel better would like to reconnect with family members — perhaps with elderly parents. But that's not safe yet, says Sean Morrison, a geriatrician and palliative care specialist at the Mount Sinai Health System.

许多感觉更好的人想要与家人重新联系，也许是年迈的父母。但西奈山医疗系统(的老年医学专家和姑息治疗专家肖恩·莫里森说，这样做还不安全。

Older people are more vulnerable to COVID-19. and 8 out of 10 deaths reported in the U.S. have been among adults who were at least 65 years old, according to the CDC.

老年人更容易受到COVID-19的感染，根据疾病预防控制中心的数据，美国报告的10例死亡中有8例发生在至少65岁的成年人中。

Will I be immune to reinfection after I've had COVID-19. or could I get it again?

在我患COVID-19后，我会不会对再次感染免疫，或者我会不会再感染一次?

The CDC says the full immune response, including duration of immunity, is not yet fully understood. So, there's some uncertainty.

美国疾病控制与预防中心说，包括免疫持续时间在内的完整的免疫反应还没有被完全了解。所以，有一些不确定性。

"I hope that my antibodies are all ramped up and I'm protected from getting sick again, but I don't know that for sure," Daniel says. "So I'm treating it as if I don't have immunity, and I wear full protection at all times, by our hospital's guidelines, to make sure I'm still protecting myself."

丹尼尔说：“我希望我的抗体都增强了，我可以避免再次生病，但我不确定。”所以我把它当成没有免疫力的东西来对待，而且根据我们医院的指导方针，我随时都会穿上全套防护服，以确保我仍然在保护自己。”