《略读》讲述了一个关于黑人母亲母乳喂养的新故事

《略读》讲述了一个关于黑人母亲母乳喂养的新故事

To explain the persistence of lower rates of breastfeeding among black mothers, we should look to systemic and historic factors rather than individual choice.

要解释黑人母亲持续较低的母乳喂养率，我们应该关注系统和历史因素，而不是个人选择。

That's the argument of Skimmed: Breastfeeding, Race, and Injustice by law professor Andrea Freeman, which provides in-depth historical, socioeconomic and legal context that sheds new light on black motherhood.

这是法学教授安德里亚·弗里曼在《略读：母乳喂养、种族和不公正》一书中的论点，该书提供了深厚的历史、社会经济和法律背景，为黑人母亲提供了新的线索。

Skimmed tells the poignant story of the Fultz quadruplets from Reidsville, N.C., the first documented set of African American quads born in the U.S. Their birth in 1946 became national news turning them into celebs and the face of baby formula company Pet Milk. Despite their celebrity, the girls were exploited financially and graduated high school in poverty.

《略过》讲述了北卡罗来纳州雷德斯维尔的富尔茨四胞胎令人心酸的故事，这是第一组有记录的在美国出生的非裔美国四胞胎。他们1946年的出生成为全国新闻，使他们成为名人，并成为婴儿配方奶粉公司Pet Milk的代言人。尽管她们很出名，但这些女孩在经济上受到剥削，高中毕业时一贫如洗。

To stunning effect, Freeman uses their story as a starting point for providing a history of black motherhood from enslavement to the present. The Fultz quads—Mary Alice, Mary Ann, Mary Catherine and Mary Louise— also help illustrate how companies selling baby formula and pediatricians of that era pushed black mothers away from breastfeeding.

令人叹为观止的是，弗里曼用他们的故事作为起点，提供了一段从奴役到现在的黑人母亲的历史。富尔茨四人组-玛丽·爱丽丝、玛丽·安、玛丽·凯瑟琳和玛丽·路易斯-也有助于说明那个时代销售婴儿配方奶粉的公司和儿科医生是如何促使黑人母亲放弃母乳喂养的。

Only about 66% of black infants are breastfed compared to more than 82% of white and Latinx moms, according to data from 2012.

根据2012年的数据，只有大约66%的黑人婴儿是母乳喂养的，而白人和拉丁裔母亲的这一比例超过82%。

Freeman spoke to NPR about the history of breastfeeding, why Beyoncé being a black mom matters, and the importance of telling new stories about black motherhood.

弗里曼在接受美国国家公共电台采访时谈到了母乳喂养的历史，为什么碧昂斯成为黑人母亲很重要，以及讲述黑人母亲新故事的重要性。

In the past few years the black maternal healthcare crisis has come to the forefront. Is breastfeeding part of that crisis? How do you put it in context?

在过去的几年里，黑人母亲的医疗保健危机已经成为人们关注的焦点。母乳喂养是这场危机的一部分吗?你如何把它放在这一背景中?

I absolutely see these things as different aspects of the same problems.

我绝对认为这些事情是同一问题的不同方面。

Doctors and nurses not listening to black women, not paying attention to their symptoms and circumstances in the same way.

医生和护士没有倾听黑人女性的声音，没有以同样的方式关注她们的症状和情况。

With breastfeeding specifically, there's an assumption when [black] women give birth that they're not going to breastfeed, and they're not offered the same kind of assistance. They're offered formula right away. There is no attention paid to potential health risks.

特别是母乳喂养，当[黑人]妇女分娩时，会有一种假设，认为她们不会母乳喂养，也不会得到同样的帮助。他们(黑人母亲)马上就会收到配方奶粉。没有注意到潜在的健康风险。

In your book you write that "promoting breastfeeding for black women is an act designed to further racial justice." Break that down for us.

在您的书中，您写道，“促进黑人妇女母乳喂养是一种旨在促进种族公正的行为。”请为我们分析一下。

The fact that many black women do not have a choice about how they feed their infants leads to racial health disparities that can be long lasting for the children and for the mothers.

许多黑人妇女没有选择如何喂养婴儿的权利，这一事实导致了种族健康方面的差异，这种差异对儿童和母亲来说可能会持续很长时间。

But it is so hidden by the fact that we think of breastfeeding as a very intimate and personal choice, when in fact, for many people, there is no choice at all. And that is due directly to the acts of the government through law through policy, through partnership with the formula industry.

但事实掩盖了这一点，以至于我们认为母乳喂养是一种非常亲密和个人的选择，而实际上，对许多人来说，根本没有选择。直接原因是由于政府通过法律、通过政策、通过与配方奶粉行业的合作而采取的行动。

You tell a harrowing story about a mother named Tabitha Walrond whose infant died from malnutrition. Why is her story important?

你讲述了一位名叫塔比莎·瓦隆德的母亲的悲惨故事，她的婴儿死于营养不良。为什么她的故事很重要?

Tabitha Walrond was a single mother who had problems getting a Medicaid card because there was a computer error, and she wasn't able to get one before her son Tyler was born.

塔比莎·瓦隆德是一位单身母亲，因为电脑出现了一个错误，她在申请医疗补助卡时遇到了麻烦，而在她的儿子泰勒出生之前，她无法申请到医疗补助卡。

And when she was sent home from the hospital, the doctors never told her that she might have trouble breastfeeding because she had a lot of problems with the birth and she had a previous surgery.

当她从医院被送回家时，医生们从未告诉她，她可能在母乳喂养方面有困难，因为她在分娩时有很多问题，而且她之前有过手术。

So very sadly, he died a few weeks after his birth, in a taxi on the way to the emergency room. She was charged with homicide. She then had to endure a trial. It's a terrible story.

非常悲哀的是，他在出生几周后，在去急诊室的路上，死于一辆出租车上。她被指控犯有杀人罪。然后她不得不接受审判。这是一个可怕的故事。