是严重的感冒还是流感?
是严重的感冒还是流感?
It's that time of year again. You wake up with a scratchy throat, stuffy nose, a little achy — maybe a fever. Is it a classic head cold, or do you need to be more concerned? Could it be the flu?
又到了一年中的这个时候。你醒来时喉咙沙哑，鼻塞，有点疼--可能是发烧。这是一种典型的头部感冒吗，还是你需要更多的关注?可能是流感吗?
"There's lots of confusion out there, because both are viral respiratory illnesses," says Dr. Yul Ejnes, an internal medicine specialist in private practice in Rhode Island and spokesperson for the American College of Physicians. "No one likes to get a cold, but people are more fearful of the flu."
“外界有很多困惑，因为这两种疾病都是病毒性呼吸道疾病，”罗德岛州私人诊所的内科专家、美国医师学会发言人约尔·埃涅斯博士说。“没有人喜欢感冒，但人们更害怕流感。”
And rightly so.
理所当然。
Last year's influenza season was particularly severe, resulting in an unusually high number of hospitalizations and deaths from flu complications.
去年的流感季节特别严重，导致因流感并发症住院和死亡的人数异常高。
So, if you do have the flu, it's important to consult with your health care provider about treatment. And distinguishing between a cold and flu may be easier than you think, Ejnes says. There are some clear distinctionsbetween the two similar types of viral illness in terms of symptoms — how quickly they appear and how severe they become.
因此，如果你确实得了流感，咨询你的医疗保健提供者关于治疗是很重要的。埃涅斯说，区分感冒和流感可能比你想象的要容易。就症状而言，这两种相似类型的病毒性疾病之间有一些明显的区别-它们出现的速度有多快，变得有多严重。
Suddenly flattened? Think flu
突然没精打采?应该是流感
Flu symptoms, Ejnes says, usually start abruptly — though you can spread the virusbefore symptoms surface.
埃涅斯说，流感症状通常是突然出现的，不过你可以在症状出现之前传播病毒。
"Patients can pretty much tell you when the symptoms hit them — after lunch, for example, or yesterday afternoon," says Ejnes.
“病人几乎可以告诉你他们什么时候出现症状--比如在午餐后，或者昨天下午，” 埃涅斯说。
A cold, on the other hand, takes a couple of days to build up. You may have a scratchy throat one day and then the nose starts to get stuffy the next day.
另一方面，感冒需要几天的时间才能痊愈。你可能有一天喉咙发痒，然后第二天鼻子开始不通气。
You may also develop a fever with a cold. But typically, it's a "low-grade" rise in temperature, hovering around 99 or 100 degrees Farenheit.
你还可能感冒发烧。但通常，这是一个“低等级”的温度上升，徘徊在99或100华氏度左右。
With flu, that fever is usually significantly higher — at least 101 degrees. Chills and body aches are another flu hallmark or, as Ejnes says, "feeling like a truck ran you over — where you can't even move a muscle."
患流感时，体温通常会明显升高，至少达到101华氏度。寒颤和身体疼痛是另一个流感的标志，或者如埃涅斯所说，“感觉就像一辆卡车从你身上碾过——你甚至不能移动肌肉。”
Dragging yourself out of bed can seem impossible when you have the flu.
当你得了流感时，自己从床上爬起来似乎是不可能的。
"You're just wiped out with total body fatigue," he says, whereas with a cold, people often "soldier on" and get out of bed for work or social activities.
“你只是因为全身疲惫而筋疲力尽，”他说，而感冒时，人们通常会“坚持下去”，起床去工作或参加社交活动。
Heading to work isn't a good idea, of course, even with a mild cold, because it exposes others to the virus -- but lots of people do it. (Colds tend to be most contagious in the first several days of illness.)
当然，上班不是一个好主意，即使是轻微的感冒，因为这会把病毒传染给别人--但很多人都会这样做。(感冒往往在患病的头几天传染性最强。)
There can be congestion and cough from the postnasal drip of a head cold, but it's not nearly as severe as with flu. Influenza can trigger long bouts of coughing and even trouble breathing.
感冒的鼻后滴液可能会导致充血和咳嗽，但远没有流感那么严重。流感会引发长时间的咳嗽，甚至呼吸困难。
So, when patients tell Ejnes that their symptoms developed suddenly, their fever is high and their body aches severe, he assumes flu, he says.
因此，当病人告诉Ejnes他们的症状突然出现，他们的发烧很高，他们的身体剧烈疼痛时，他说他认为是流感。
