研究表明，在美国，几乎所有儿童都吃了太多的添加糖

研究表明，在美国，几乎所有儿童都吃了太多的添加糖

A new analysis of national data published Wednesday finds 98% of toddlers and two-thirds of infants consume added sugars in their diets each day. The American Heart Association recommends children less than two years of age not have access to any added sugars, which includes any sweeteners that don't naturally occur in food.

周三公布的一项对全国数据的新分析发现，98%的幼儿和三分之二的婴儿每天在饮食中摄入添加糖。美国心脏协会建议不到两岁的儿童不要摄入任何添加糖，其中包括任何非天然存在于食物中的甜味剂。

"The consumption of added sugars among children has been associated with negative health conditions such as cavities, asthma, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and altered lipid profiles," said lead investigator Kirsten Herrick, a program director at the Division of Cancer Control and Population Studies with the National Cancer Institute, a part of the National Institutes of Health.

美国国立卫生研究院癌症控制和人口研究部项目主任、首席调查员基尔斯滕·赫里克说：“儿童摄入添加糖与负面健康状况有关，如蛀牙、哮喘、肥胖、血压升高和血脂谱改变。”国家癌症研究所隶属于美国国立卫生研究院。

"Whether these associations exist for even younger children hasn't been studied," she added. "The aim of this study was to focus on one aspect of diet -- added sugars [and] consumption among US infants and toddlers -- that could inform the dietary guidelines."

“这些联系是否存在于更小的孩子身上还没有被研究过，”她补充道。“这项研究的目的是关注饮食的一个方面——添加糖(和)在我们婴幼儿中的摄入量——这可以为膳食指南提供信息。”

Infants aged 6 to 11 months were typically given added sugars via flavored yogurt, baby snacks and sweet bakery products; the study did not count any sugars that are contained in breast milk or infant formulas.

6至11个月大的婴儿通常通过调味酸奶、婴儿零食和甜面包制品摄入添加糖;这项研究没有计算母乳或婴儿配方奶粉中所含的糖。

For toddlers aged 12 to 23 months, fruit drinks, candy and sweet baked goods were the primary source of the added sugars.

对于12到23个月大的幼儿来说，水果饮料、糖果和烘焙食品是添加糖的主要来源。

"We did not find any differences in added sugar consumption by sex, family income level or head of household education," Herrick said in an interview with the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

赫里克在接受《营养与饮食学会杂志》的采访时说:“我们没有发现在性别、家庭收入水平或户主受教育程度等因素对添加糖的摄入有任何影响。”

On average, infants consumed a teaspoon of added sugar a day while toddlers consumed about 6 teaspoons a day.

平均而言，婴儿每天摄入一茶匙添加糖，而幼儿每天摄入约6茶匙。

"We did however find differences in added sugars consumption by race and Hispanic origin," Herrick said. "For example, non-Hispanic Asian toddlers consumed the fewest added sugars at around 3.7 teaspoons [a day]. Non-Hispanic Black toddlers consumed the most added sugars at about 8.2 teaspoons [a day]."

赫里克说:“不过，我们确实发现了不同种族和西班牙裔对添加糖摄入量的差异。”“例如，非西班牙裔亚裔幼儿每天摄入的糖添加量最少，约为3.7茶匙。非西班牙裔黑人幼儿每天摄入的糖分最多，约为8.2茶匙。”

The research pulled data from a nationally representative study conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention called the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study looked at consumption between the years of 2011 and 2016.

这项研究从一项由美国疾病控制和预防中心进行的全国代表性研究中提取数据，这项研究被称为“全国健康和营养检查调查”。该研究调查了2011年至2016年的消费情况。

The analysis also found some good news: overall consumption of sugars has dropped over that five-year period among infants and toddlers. However, nutritionists warn that added sugars at these ages is a concern due to the impact on future taste and food preferences.

分析还发现了一些好消息:在这五年中，婴幼儿的糖摄入总量有所下降。然而，营养学家警告说，由于添加糖对未来口味和食物偏好的影响，这些年龄段的添加糖是一个令人担忧的问题。

"Research has shown that eating patterns established early in life shape later eating patterns," Herrick said, pointing to a study that found 6-year-olds who drank any type of sugar-sweetened beverage before they turned one were more than twice as likely to consume sugary drinks once a day compared to kids who were not exposed to sugar.

赫里克说：“研究表明，在生命早期形成的饮食模式决定了以后的饮食模式。”他指出，一项研究发现，与没有接触糖的儿童相比，在年满一岁之前喝任何类型的含糖饮料的6岁儿童每天喝一次含糖饮料的可能性是前者的两倍多。