不吸烟的人应该有额外的假期吗?

不吸烟的人应该有额外的假期吗?

Nonsmokers typically harbor some resentment against smokers. It depends on your workplace dynamics, of course, but it usually revolves around the number of times smokers duck out of the office for a smoke.

不吸烟者通常对吸烟者怀有一些怨恨。当然，这取决于你的工作环境，但通常取决于吸烟者离开办公室去吸烟的次数。

Americans in specific industries — wholesale & retail, finance & insurance and technology — spend more than an hour and 20 minutes a day on smoke breaks at work, according to a new survey. (Photo: Zurijeta/Shutterstock)

Maybe it's once an hour or every couple of hours, but those minutes add up. The average smoker wastes around six days a year on work smoke breaks, according to a no-longer-published survey by e-cigarette maker Halo. So, do nonsmokers deserve some extra vacation days for staying at their desks?

也许是一小时一次，或者每隔几个小时一次，但这些时间加起来就很多了。电子烟制造商哈洛公司最近发布的一项调查显示，烟民每年平均会在工作间隙浪费六天左右的时间。那么，不吸烟的人是否应该有一些额外的假期来呆在他们的办公桌前呢?

Yes, said many of the survey's 1,005 respondents. Nearly 42% of nonsmokers said they should get between three and five additional vacation days each year, and 28% of smokers agree with them. About 25% of nonsmokers said they deserved at least an extra day or two and almost 14% said they should get an additional six days or even more. Only one in five nonsmokers (and 38% of smokers) said they should be given no extra vacation days.

在1005名受访者中，很多人回答说有。近42%的非吸烟者表示，他们每年应该获得三到五天的额外假期，28%的吸烟者同意这一观点。约25%的非吸烟者表示，他们至少应该再多休息一两天，近14%的人表示，他们应该再休息六天甚至更长时间。只有五分之一的不吸烟者(38%的吸烟者)说他们不应该有额外的假期。

This may sound intriguing in a hypothetical way, but a U.K. recruitment company enacted a policy to give non-smokers four extra days of time off per year starting in 2020. The hope is to incentivize their staff to quit smoking, KCJ Training & Employment Solutions wrote in a Facebook post.

这听起来似乎很有趣，但一家英国招聘公司制定了一项政策，从2020年起，每年给不吸烟者4天额外的休息时间。希望是激励他们的工作人员戒烟，KCJ培训和就业解决方案在Face book上写道。

“A healthy workplace is a happy workplace,” Managing Director Don Bryden told CTV News.

“一个健康的工作场所就是一个快乐的工作场所，”总经理Don Bryden告诉CTV新闻。

A few years earlier, one company in Japan instituted a policy for nonsmokers. Marketing firm Piala Inc. decided to grant nonsmokers an extra six days of paid time off after that group complained that they were working more than the smokers on staff.

几年前，日本的一家公司制定了一项针对不吸烟者的政策。营销公司Piala Inc.决定给不吸烟的员工额外六天的带薪休假，此前该公司的员工抱怨说，他们的工作时间比吸烟者多。

"I hope to encourage employees to quit smoking through incentives rather than penalties or coercion," CEO Takao Asuka told Kyodo News.“

我希望通过激励措施来鼓励员工戒烟，而不是通过惩罚或强制手段，”公司首席执行官Takao Asuka告诉共同社。

The cost of smoking

吸烟的代价

In addition to being the cause of such office grumbling, smokers also create a cost to a company.

除了引起办公室的抱怨外，吸烟者还会给公司带来成本。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that smoking-related illnesses alone cost more than $156 billion in lost productivity each year in the U.S., including $5.6 billion due to secondhand smoke exposure. According to CDC statistics from 2015, about 15% of American adults (36.5 million people) smoke.

美国疾病控制与预防中心估计，仅与吸烟有关的疾病每年就给美国造成了逾1,560亿美元的生产力损失其中56亿美元来自二手烟。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心2015年的统计，大约15%的美国成年人(3650万人)吸烟。

A 2013 Gallup poll estimated it costs employers an extra $3,077 a year for each smoker. That's based on the assumption that it costs $341 for each full missed workday and around $13 a day for partial-absenteeism due to smoke breaks.

2013年的一项盖洛普(Gallup)民意调查估计，雇主每年为每个吸烟者额外支付3,077美元。这是基于这样一种假设:一个完整的工作日需要341美元，因吸烟而导致的部分旷工每天需要13美元。

Overall, according to Gallup, "Workers who smoke cost the U.S. economy an estimated $278 billion annually in lost productivity due to absenteeism and extra healthcare costs. This figure is based on an analysis of the cost of extra missed workdays due to poor health, partial absenteeism due to smoke breaks, and additional healthcare costs compared with workers who do not smoke."

总体而言，根据盖洛普的数据，“估计每年因吸烟导致的旷工和额外的医疗费用给美国经济造成了2780亿美元的损失。”这个数字是基于对因健康状况不佳而导致的额外工作日损失、因吸烟而导致的部分旷工、以及与不吸烟的员工相比的额外医疗成本的分析得出的。”

The buzz in the office

办公室里的嘈杂声

Smoke breaks were a topic on an "Ask a Manager" blog where managers and employees weighed in on the topic, "Is allowing smoke breaks unfair to non-smokers?"

在一个名为“问经理”(Ask a Manager)的博客上，经理和员工讨论了这样一个话题:“允许吸烟对不吸烟者不公平吗?”

"Unless you’re getting complaints from non-smokers, I say leave well enough alone," suggests a user named slaten. "However, as a non-smoker I would want to know that it’d be okay for me to take a 5 minute 'fresh air' break right along with that smoker…"

一位名叫slaten的用户建议说:“除非你收到不吸烟者的投诉，否则我建议你还是离远点吧。”“然而，作为一个不吸烟的人，我想知道我是否可以和那个吸烟者一起休息5分钟，呼吸一下新鲜空气……”

Martin shared his boss's solution: "I am fortunate to work for an employer which values its staff, in my industry that is rare! My current employer awards 1 smoke break day every 6 months to the non smokers or those who don’t smoke in work time."

马丁分享了他老板的解决方案:“我很幸运，能在这样一个重视员工的公司工作，这在我的行业里是罕见的!我现在的雇主每6个月奖励给不吸烟或工作时间不吸烟的人1个吸烟休息日。”