2019年丹麦近一半的电力来自风能

2019年丹麦近一半的电力来自风能

Denmark is only about half the size of South Carolina, but it produces more of its electricity from wind than any other country in the world. That's not because it's a particularly breezy country; it has pretty ordinary average wind speeds. The reason the Danes now get 47% of their electricity from wind, with more to come, comes down to a combination of history and policy.

丹麦的面积只有南卡罗莱纳的一半，但它的风力发电量比世界上任何其他国家都要多。这并不是因为它是一个特别微风习习的国家;它有相当普通的平均风速。丹麦现在47%的电力来自风能，未来还会有更多，原因在于历史和政策的结合。

Wind turbines and poppies on Bornholm Island, Denmark. (Photo: Milosz Maslanka/Shutterstock)

First, the history: Paul la Cour was a scientist and inventor who experimented with and engineered early wind power machines at the start of the 20th century. So it's not surprising that Denmark invested in building wind power early, beginning at a national level in the 1970s. In the 1980s, due to a strong grassroots movement opposing nuclear power plants, Denmark ramped up production before many other countries were even considering it.

首先是历史:保罗·拉库尔是一位科学家和发明家，他在20世纪初试验并设计了早期的风力发电机器。因此，丹麦早在上世纪70年代就开始在全国范围内投资建设风力发电，也就不足为奇了。在20世纪80年代，由于强烈的草根运动反对核电站，丹麦甚至在许多其他国家考虑之前就提高了产量。

Denmark has also had significant government support for wind-energy projects, as well as support from the country's technology-focused universities. Even back in 2002, the country was taking climate change warnings seriously, aiming to cut fossil-fuel emissions by 20 percent, which they did via renewable energy investment and implementation.

丹麦政府还对风能项目提供了大量支持，该国以技术为重点的大学也提供了支持。早在2002年，该国就认真对待气候变化警告，计划通过可再生能源投资和实施，将化石燃料排放量减少20%。

Some of the world's largest companies in the sector — including Vestas, which builds turbines, and Orsted, which specializes in offshore wind projects — are Danish, so the country has an impact beyond its borders.

该行业中一些全球最大的公司——包括制造涡轮机的维斯塔斯和专门从事海上风电项目的奥斯特德——都是丹麦公司，因此丹麦的影响力超越了国界。

The outsized impact of Denmark's wind-energy business is important because it's a small country, so while an almost 50% rate of electricity from wind is admirable, it's also minor in terms of overall planetary impact.

丹麦风能产业的巨大影响是重要的，因为它是一个小国家，所以尽管50%的风能发电率是令人钦佩的，但就对整个地球的影响而言，它也是微不足道的。

While Denmark gets half its electricity needs covered from 5,758 megawatts (MW) of capacity, Spain’s 23,000 MW covers just 18 percent of its electricity supply as it's a much bigger country. China is the leader in wind energy at 221,000 MW, and the U.S. is second in the world at about 96,000 MW.

丹麦的总发电量为5758兆瓦，满足了该国一半的电力需求，而西班牙的总发电量为23000兆瓦，仅占其总发电量的18%，因为该国国土面积要大得多。中国的风能发电量为22.1万兆瓦，居世界首位，美国以9.6万兆瓦位居第二。

Denmark's long support of wind-energy technology and pro-wind policies have proven this approach can work to decarbonize the economy, even on a bigger scale. At the end of 2019, lawmakers in Denmark set a new goal: increasing the share of electricity sourced from renewable power to 100%.

丹麦长期以来对风能技术和亲风政策的支持已经证明，这种方法可以在更大范围内实现经济脱碳。在2019年底，丹麦立法者设定了一个新目标:将可再生能源发电的比例提高到100%。