欧洲国家如何说“圣诞快乐”

欧洲国家如何说“圣诞快乐”

Whether you’re enjoying some sunny Mediterranean weather or skiing this winter, or you just want to surprise a friend by sending them a Christmas card in their language, here are all the European Christmas greetings you could need.

无论你是在享受地中海的阳光或是在这个冬天去滑雪，或者你只是想给你的朋友寄一张用他们的语言写的圣诞贺卡，以下是你可能需要的所有欧洲圣诞问候。

This colorful map of Europe was made by Jakub Marian, a Czech linguist who makes fun infographic maps in addition to having written a line of textbooks. If you like this Christmas map, you can check out his other maps that you can use all year long, like how European languages say “I love you”. His map of tea may surprise you with its simplicity – it looks like the world’s most popular drink is the one thing that most of us are in agreement about.

这幅彩色的欧洲地图是由捷克语言学家Jakub Marian绘制的。如果你喜欢这张圣诞地图，你可以看看他的其他地图，你可以全年使用，比如欧洲语言如何说“我爱你”。他的茶地图可能会让你惊讶于它的简单——看起来世界上最受欢迎的饮料是我们大多数人都同意的一件事。

This map shows how Europe says Merry Christmas

这张地图显示了欧洲是如何说圣诞快乐的

The colors on the map show the etymological roots of each phrase: for example, red represents Romance languages that use a Latin-based word for the event of the birth of Christ. You can see that some other languages, like the Celtic languages and Turkish, get their Christmas greetings as loanwords from the Romance languages. You can also see that up north, highlighted in green, people get their word for Christmas from the Old Norse pagan festival jól (we have this word in English as Yule!)

地图上的颜色显示了每个短语的词源:例如，红色代表罗曼语，用一个基于拉丁语的词来表示耶稣诞生的事件。你可以看到一些其他的语言，比如凯尔特语和土耳其语，它们的圣诞问候语都是来自罗曼斯语的外来词。你也可以看到，在北方，人们用绿色表示圣诞节，这个词来源于古斯堪的纳维亚的异教徒节日jol(我们在英语中把这个词叫做Yule!)

In Marian’s analysis on his website, he explains that he groups together German, Czech and Slovak because the latter two languages adopted an old German word for “holy night” into their lexicon.

在Marian在其网站上的分析中，他解释说，他将德语、捷克语和斯洛伐克语归为一类，因为后两种语言采用了一个表示“神圣之夜”的古德语词汇。

He also explains that Romanian and Hungarian, even though Romanian is an Indo-European language like the other Romance languages, while Hungarian is from a completely different family, seem to have gotten their word for Christmas from the same root in either Proto-Slavic or Latin.

他还解释说，尽管罗马尼亚语和其他罗曼语一样是印欧语系的语言，而匈牙利语属于完全不同的语系，但罗马尼亚语和匈牙利语似乎都是从斯拉夫语或拉丁语的同一个词根演变而来的。

Maybe you didn’t know that Christmas is celebrated differently all over Europe, and in many places, it’s not over yet. Orthodox Christians in Russia, Ukraine, and parts of the Balkans will be celebrating the Nativity on January 7th, due to a difference in the ceremonial calendar that they use, and get national holidays to match.

也许你不知道欧洲各地庆祝圣诞节的方式不同，在许多地方，圣诞节还没有结束。俄罗斯、乌克兰和巴尔干半岛部分地区的东正教基督徒将在1月7日庆祝耶稣诞生，因为他们使用的仪式日历不同，并有相应的国定假日。

However, in countries that spent most of the 20th century under Soviet control, suppression of religion prevented celebrating Christmas, which meant that Christmas celebrations were largely rebranded and merged with New Year’s Eve. As a result, many cultures as you go east celebrate New Year’s Eve more heavily than Christmas to this day, often mixing imagery from the two holidays. (Conveniently, Marian has included a map for that too!)

然而，在20世纪大部分时间处于苏联控制下的国家，对宗教的压制阻碍了圣诞节的庆祝活动，这意味着圣诞节庆祝活动在很大程度上被重新包装，并与新年前夜合并在一起。因此，当你去东方，许多文化庆祝新年除夕比圣诞节更重的这一天，往往混合的图像从两个节日。(Marian还附带了一张地图!)

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图片来源：Lili North