新的补充营养援助计划限制了学生获得福利的权力

新的补充营养援助计划限制了学生获得福利的权力

Some low-income college students are among the 688.000 food stamp recipients projected to lose benefits as a result of a Trump administration rule announced Dec. 4. While the rule explicitly targets "able-bodied adults without dependents," it also limits food assistance for a share of college students at a time when campuses across the country are grappling with how to respond to food insecurity.

由于特朗普政府12月4日宣布的一项规定，预计将有68.8万名领取食品券的人失去福利，其中包括一些低收入的大学生。虽然这项规定明确针对的是“没有家眷的身体健全的成年人”，但它也限制了一部分大学生的食品援助，而此时美国各地的大学校园都在努力应对食品不安全问题。

The new rule makes it harder for states to waive the requirement that adults work at least 20 hours a week in order to receive their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — or SNAP — benefits. Policy experts say it will limit benefits for college students while further complicating the already confusing process of determining students' eligibility and connecting them to resources.

这项新规定使得各州更难放弃成年人每周至少工作20小时才能获得补充营养援助计划福利的要求。政策专家表示，这将限制大学生的福利，同时使本已令人困惑的确定学生资格并将他们与资源联系起来的过程变得更加复杂。

Most college students are excluded from receiving SNAP by design, Larin says.

拉林说，大多数大学生故意被补充营养援助计划排除在外。

This is because Congress created the program with the image of a "traditional" student in mind: someone entering college directly from high school, financially reliant on their parents, with no income or dependents.

这是因为国会在制定这一计划时考虑到了“传统”学生的形象:有些人从高中直接进入大学，在经济上依赖父母，没有收入，也没有被抚养人。

But this archetype is far from universal, says Parker Gilkesson, an analyst at the Center for Law and Social Policy who specializes in income and work supports. Only about 1 in 4 students attend a four-year institution immediately after high school.

但这种原型远不是普遍存在的，帕克·吉尔克森说，他是法律与社会政策中心的一名分析师，专门研究收入和工作支持。只有大约四分之一的学生高中毕业后立即进入四年制院校学习。

Many college students are older or are parents themselves. And few have a financial safety net: Countless families are spending all they have just to send their children to college, let alone pay for their food and other necessities, she says.

许多大学生年龄更大，或者他们自己为人父母。她说，几乎没有人有经济保障:无数家庭把所有的钱都花在送孩子上大学上，更不用说买食物和其他必需品了。

"[Congress] did recognize there are circumstances where students could and should be eligible for SNAP, and so they set up a number of exceptions from this prohibition against college students getting SNAP," Larin said. "What are those exemptions, who is eligible for them, how do you meet those exemptions? That's where the confusion comes in."

拉林说：“(国会)确实认识到，在某些情况下，学生可以而且应该有资格获得补充营养援助计划，因此他们设立了一些例外，禁止大学生获得补充营养援助计划。”“这些例外是什么?谁有资格获得这些例外?你如何满足这些例外?这就是困惑所在。”

In order for college students to be eligible for SNAP, they must first meet income and asset limits, household qualifications and immigration status requirements. Those who are enrolled less than half of the time — as defined by their school — can then qualify under standard SNAP rules.

为了使大学生有资格参加补充营养援助计划，他们必须首先满足收入和资产限制、家庭资格和移民身份的要求。那些注册时间不足一半的学生——根据他们所在学校的规定——可以根据标准的补充营养援助计划的规则获得资格。

Students enrolled more than half of the time may qualify for SNAP by meeting one of a number of criteria, which include being responsible for a dependent child younger than 6. working at least 20 hours a week in paid employment, receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families benefits, participating in an on-the-job training program, being outside the 18-49 age range, and being unable to work for health reasons.

入学时间超过一半的学生可以通过满足一系列标准中的一项来获得补充营养援助计划的资格，这些标准包括对负责照顾6岁以下的受扶养儿童、每周至少在有偿工作中工作20小时、接受贫困家庭福利临时援助、参加在职培训计划、在18-49岁范围之外以及因健康原因无法工作。