悼念:你从未听说过的最具影响力的反贫困斗士

In Memoriam: The Most Influential Poverty Fighter You've Never Heard Of

悼念:你从未听说过的最具影响力的反贫困斗士

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed is the award-winning founder of one of the largest nongovernmental aid groups in the world. It's called BRAC, and it operates in 11 countries across Africa and Asia. On Friday Abed's colleagues at BRAC announced that he has died. He was 84 and was being treated for a brain tumor. In 2016 NPR interviewed Abed. In his memory we are re-posting that story.

法兹尔·哈桑·阿布德先生是世界上最大的非政府援助组织之一的获奖创始人。它被称为BRAC，它在非洲和亚洲的11个国家开展业务。周五，阿布德在BRAC的同事宣布他去世了。他现年84岁，正在接受脑瘤治疗。2016年，NPR采访了阿布德。为了纪念他，我们重新发布了这个故事。

He's a Bangladeshi who's been knighted by the Queen of England. A former accountant who left an executive position at Shell Oil to devote himself to the world's poorest. And when it comes to eliminating poverty, he may be the most influential man you've never heard of. Meet Sir Fazle Hasan Abed, founder and head of a nongovernmental international development organization called BRAC. Today the University of Michigan honors Abed, who is 80, with its Thomas Francis Jr. Medal in Global Public Health.

他是孟加拉人，被英国女王封为爵士。他曾是一名会计师，离开了壳牌石油公司(Shell Oil)的高管职位，投身于世界上最贫穷的人。说到消除贫困，他可能是你从未听说过的最有影响力的人。来认识一下法兹尔·哈桑·阿布德先生，他是一个叫做BRAC的非政府国际发展组织的创始人和负责人。今天，密歇根大学授予80岁的Abed全球公共卫生小托马斯·弗朗西斯勋章。

We took the occasion to find out more about what he's learned during his 40 years in the field — and how one of his ideas might end up driving the 21st century global effort to eradicate extreme poverty.

我们借此机会进一步了解他在这一领域40年里所学到的东西，以及他的一个想法如何可能最终推动21世纪全球消除极端贫困的努力。

Today BRAC is one of the world's largest anti-poverty NGOs — with 115,000 employees in 12 countries offering some 138 million people services including education, micro-loans, job training and health care. But Abed's ambitions were modest when he started the group that would become BRAC back in 1970.

如今，BRAC是世界上最大的反贫困非政府组织之一，在12个国家拥有11.5万名员工，为约1.38亿人提供教育、小额贷款、职业培训和医疗保健等服务。但是当阿布德在1970年创立了BRAC这个组织的时候，他的野心并不大。

A cyclone had just hit Bangladesh — then still known as East Pakistan — killing more than 300,000 and leaving many more homeless. Abed was an accountant by training and says his own family had been comfortably off. But "growing up in rural Bangladesh I had seen poverty all around me and it had always affected me to see it."

一场飓风刚刚袭击了当时仍被称为东巴基斯坦的孟加拉国，造成30多万人死亡，更多的人无家可归。Abed是一名会计出身，他说他自己的家庭已经很富裕了。但是“我在孟加拉国农村长大，我看到了我周围的贫穷，看到它总是让我受到影响。”

Now, at the sight of so much death and suffering wrought by the cyclone — there were corpses floating in the bay — "I was really shaken." So he started a group of about two dozen volunteers to help people rebuild. Within months it morphed into a more permanent effort as East Pakistan became embroiled in a war to secede from Pakistan, and, by 1972, achieved independence as Bangladesh.

现在，看到飓风造成了这么多的死亡和痛苦——海湾里漂浮着尸体——“我真的吓坏了。”因此，他成立了一个由二十多名志愿者组成的小组来帮助人们重建家园。几个月后，随着东巴基斯坦卷入一场脱离巴基斯坦的战争，它演变成了一种更持久的努力，并在1972年以孟加拉国的身份获得独立。

"There were 10 million refugees starting to go back to Bangladesh and I decided it's time for me to help independent Bangladesh," Abed recalls. He quit his job at Shell and sold a house that he owned in the UK to raise the money to pay a small staff of full-time employees. Initially he named his new organization the Bangladesh Relief Assistance Committee.

“有1000万难民开始返回孟加拉国，我决定是时候帮助独立的孟加拉国了，”阿布德回忆说。他辞去了壳牌(Shell)的工作，卖掉了自己在英国拥有的一栋房子，筹集资金支付一小部分全职员工的工资。最初，他将他的新组织命名为孟加拉救济援助委员会。

But he soon decided it was not enough to focus on rebuilding from the cyclone and the war. "You know people were so poor I decided I would have to commit myself for the long haul to get poverty reduced in Bangladesh." So he renamed the group the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee.

但他很快就意识到，仅仅专注于飓风和战争后的重建是不够的。“你知道人们是如此的贫穷，所以我决定要为减少孟加拉国的贫困做出长期的努力。”因此，他将该组织改名为孟加拉农村发展委员会。

Among his early goals was to tackle the extraordinarily high rate of infant and child mortality in Bangladesh — almost one-fourth were dying before their fifth birthday. One of his greatest successes was a push from 1986 to 1990 to expand childhood immunizations. With funding from a range of sources including the British and Australian governments, says Abed, over those four years alone BRAC helped increase the share of children who were vaccinated against, for example, tuberculosis from 4 percent to 91 percent.

他的早期目标之一是解决孟加拉国婴儿和儿童死亡率极高的问题——将近四分之一的婴儿在五岁前死亡。他最大的成功之一就是从1986年到1990年推动扩大儿童免疫接种。阿布德说，在包括英国和澳大利亚政府在内的一系列来源的资助下，仅在这四年中，BRAC就帮助接种了结核病疫苗的儿童比例从4%增加到91%。