研究表明，感冒和流感不会同时袭击你

研究表明，感冒和流感不会同时袭击你

Coughing, sneezing and suffering from an achy breaky body? While having the flu is the worst, here's a bit of good news you can take to bed with you: You won't suffer from a cold simultaneously.

咳嗽、打喷嚏、身体疼痛?虽然患流感是最糟糕的情况，但有一个好消息你可以带着去睡觉:你不会同时患感冒。

That's the conclusion of a new study that analyzed viral test results of more than 44,000 patients in Glasgow, Scotland, between 2005 and 2013. The study was published Monday in the journal for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

这是一项新的研究得出的结论，该研究分析了2005年至2013年苏格兰格拉斯哥44,000多名患者的病毒检测结果。这项研究周一发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》杂志上。

"It was clear that flu and rhinovirus -- which causes the common cold -- interact in a negative way," said study author Dr. Pablo Murcia of the University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. "When there is a lot of flu in the population, there is little rhinovirus, and vice versa."

研究报告的撰写者、格拉斯哥大学病毒研究中心的帕布罗·穆尔西亚博士说:“很明显，流感病毒和感冒病毒——也就是导致普通感冒的病毒——是以一种消极的方式相互作用的。”“当人群中出现大量流感病毒时，感冒病毒就很少，反之亦然。”

The finding might explain why colds and flu tend to have different seasonal peaks, which are repeated statistically each year, said lead author Sema Nickbakhsh, a postdoctoral research associate at Glasgow University's Centre for Virus Research.

研究报告的主要撰写人、格拉斯哥大学病毒研究中心的博士后塞玛•尼克巴克什说，这一发现或许可以解释为什么感冒和流感往往有不同的季节性高峰，而这些季节性高峰每年都在统计上重复出现。

"The cold virus declines at the time that flu peaks each winter, and that happens every single year," Nickbakhshs said, adding that cold viruses tend to peak in the spring and autumn when flu declines.

尼克巴克什说:“感冒病毒的数量在每年冬天流感高峰期时减少，这种情况每年都会发生。”他补充说，感冒病毒往往在流感下降的春秋两季达到高峰。

Each person in the study was tested for 11 different cold and flu viruses, thus allowing researchers to show the association occurred on both an individual level and the broader population level as well.

研究人员对参与研究的每个人进行了11种不同的感冒和流感病毒的测试，从而使研究人员能够证明，这种关联既存在于个体层面，也存在于更广泛的人群层面。

"It's very interesting if true," said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor in Vanderbilt University's Division of Infectious Diseases.

范德比尔特大学传染病学系教授威廉·沙夫纳博士说，“如果这是真的，那就非常有趣了。”

"I think what they're saying is virus number one initiates an inflammatory response which then acts as a barrier to the second virus," Schaffner said. "I think there are also some data to suggest that's two viruses cannot simultaneously infect the same cell."

沙夫纳说:“我认为他们的意思是，第一种病毒引发炎症反应，然后作为第二种病毒的屏障。”“我认为也有一些数据表明，两种病毒不能同时感染同一个细胞。”

Virus basics

病毒的基本知识

Viruses are parasites that must infect an individual's cells in order to replicate and be maintained in the environment. Some affect a broad number of cells within humans (and animals), and some have predilections for certain parts of the body.

病毒是一种寄生虫，必须感染一个人的细胞才能在环境中复制和维持。有些影响人类(和动物)体内的大量细胞，有些对身体的某些部位有偏好。

The polio virus, for example, tends to like intestinal cells because they are more receptive to invasion. Bronchitis and pneumonia find it easier to infect the lower respiratory areas of the lung. Influenza and cold viruses are drawn to the cells in the upper respiratory track, such as the nose and throat, which make them particularly easy to spread.

例如，脊髓灰质炎病毒倾向于喜欢肠道细胞，因为它们更容易入侵。支气管炎和肺炎更容易感染肺部的下呼吸道。流感和感冒病毒被吸引到上呼吸道的细胞，如鼻子和喉咙，这使它们特别容易传播。

"There are times when one viral infection may be so apparent, shall we say, that it actually acts as a barrier to your getting a second," Schaffner said. "We're just beginning to find out whether this is virus specific or whether it has more to do with the intensity of the infection."

沙夫纳说:“有时候，一种病毒的感染是如此明显，我们可以说，它实际上会成为你感染第二种病毒的障碍。”“我们只是刚刚开始发现，这是病毒特异性的，还是与感染的强度有更大的关系。”

Interestingly, a person can become a carrier for a virus without being sick themselves, he explained, which can lead to some disturbing, but common, scenarios.

他解释说，有趣的是，一个人可以在自己没有生病的情况下成为病毒的携带者，这可能会导致一些令人不安但很常见的情况。

More research needed

需要更多的研究

The Glasgow study found a number of virus that had both negative and positive impacts on each other, but only at the broader population level. Why that occurs isn't clear.

格拉斯哥大学的研究发现，一些病毒对彼此既有积极影响，也有消极影响，但只在更广泛的人群中存在。这种情况发生的原因尚不清楚。