低温伤病员:体温过低的注意事项

低温伤病员:体温过低的注意事项

It's really, crazy, unbelievably cold outside. So why read another story about how chilly you feel? Why not learn a thing or two about the worst-case scenario that can happen when it's frigid -- hypothermia.

外面真是太冷了。那么，为什么要读另一个关于你有多冷的故事呢?为什么不了解一下在寒冷的天气里可能发生的最坏的情况——体温过低呢?

How many people die of hypothermia?

有多少人死于体温过低?

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that, on average, at least 1,000 people die each year from the condition that strikes when a person's core temperature dips below 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

美国疾病控制与预防中心报告称，平均每年至少有1,000人死于当人体核心温度降至95华氏度以下时出现的疾病。

The stages of hypothermia begin when the body is losing heat faster than it can produce it. The condition typically affects people who abuse alcohol or drugs, elderly and very young people and the generally unhealthy, the National Institutes of Health says. Even babies who sleep in cold rooms can develop hypothermia, the CDC says.

当身体失去热量的速度超过产生热量的速度时，体温过低的阶段就开始了。美国国立卫生研究院表示，酗酒或吸毒的人、老年人和非常年轻的人以及通常不健康的人通常会患上这种疾病。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，即使是睡在寒冷的房间里的婴儿也会发生体温过低。

How do I know if hypothermia has set in?

我如何知道体温过低?

Whether it's caused by exposure to cold weather or immersion in cold water, someone with hypothermia first begins to shiver to move muscles and generate heat, experts say. When the body stops shivering, that's a sign of significant trouble.

专家说，无论是暴露于寒冷的天气还是浸泡在冷水中，体温过低的人首先会颤抖，活动肌肉并产生热量。当身体停止颤抖时，这是严重问题的迹象。

When hypothermia begins, the body's core functions work harder, pulling blood into extremities. Shivering is the body's involuntary survival instinct to jump-start muscles to maintain warmth.

当体温过低开始时，身体将血液输送到四肢的核心功能会更加困难。颤抖是身体不自觉的生存本能，是为了启动肌肉来保持体温。

If you start to shiver, shake it out.

如果你开始发抖，抖动吧。

"You should try to run, jump, move around. ... You should do anything you can to increase your body heat," said Jesse Schomberg, who works to educate Minnesotans about hypothermia at the Minnesota Sea Grant.

“你应该试着跑步，跳跃，四处走动……你应该尽你所能增加你的体温，”明尼苏达海洋基金会的杰西·熊伯格说。

It was zero degrees at 10 a.m. Wednesday in Minneapolis. Cold contributed to the deaths of 26 people in Minnesota between January and March 2014, the Minneapolis Star-Tribune reported.

周三上午10点，明尼阿波利斯的气温为零度。据《明尼阿波利斯星论坛报》报道，2014年1月至3月间，寒冷导致明尼苏达州26人死亡。

Mild hypothermia can make a person dizzy, hungry, nauseous and make it harder to speak clearly. Motor skills will start to fail and a person may feel tired.

轻微的体温过低会使人头晕、饥饿、恶心，而且说话也很难清楚。运动技能会开始下降，人会感到疲劳。

Children typically develop bright red, cold skin. Babies' crying will grow weak. On the rare occasion that someone survives hypothermia, they describe being in a state of extreme confusion.

儿童的典型症状是皮肤变红、变冷。婴儿的哭声会变弱。在极少数情况下，体温过低的人幸存下来，他们描述自己处于极度混乱的状态。

If there are few survivors, and they were confused, how do we know so much?

如果幸存者很少，而且他们很困惑，我们怎么知道这么多?

Gordon Giesbrecht and his assistants have artificially lowered his body temperature to the point of hypothermia at least 30 times, he said.

戈登·吉斯布雷希特和他的助手们已经人工将他的体温降低了至少30次，他说。

The associate dean of kinesiology and recreation management at University of Manitoba in Canada studies the effects of extreme weather and physical exertion on the body.

加拿大马尼托巴大学运动机能学和娱乐管理副院长研究极端天气和体力活动对身体的影响。

"When we took people into the woods, they always wanted to know about hypothermia and frostbite," Giesbrecht told CNN.

“当我们把人们带到森林里的时候，他们总是想知道什么是低温和冻伤，”吉斯布雷希特告诉CNN。

For a long time, medical experts believed that it would hurt a hypothermia victim to warm them right away, that might it might cause cardiac arrest or some other shock to the system, he said.

他说，很长一段时间以来，医学专家一直认为，立即给体温过低的患者保暖会对他们造成伤害，可能会导致心脏骤停或其他一些系统休克。

Giesbrecht's experiments have also given hope to the survival odds for someone who falls into cold water and develops hypothermia.

吉斯布雷希特的实验也给那些掉进冷水并体温过低的人带来了生存的希望。