年轻的设计师从鱼的排泄物和藻类中创造出塑料替代品

年轻的设计师从鱼的排泄物和藻类中创造出塑料替代品

It hopefully will be used to wrap sandwiches or carry baked goods instead of the cling wraps and plastics now on the market. The winning design for this year's international James Dyson Award is a plastic alternative made out of fish waste.

它有望被用来包装三明治或携带烘焙食品，而不是现在市场上的保鲜膜和塑料。今年国际詹姆斯戴森奖的获奖设计是一种用鱼废料制成的塑料替代品。

Lucy Hughes took eight months to develop her award-winning MarinaTex material. (Photo: Dyson)

The material, called MarinaTex, was developed by Lucy Hughes, a 24-year-old product design graduate of the University of Sussex in the U.K.

这种名为MarinaTex的材料是由露西·休斯开发的，她今年24岁，毕业于英国苏塞克斯大学产品设计专业。

"I have two major inspirations behind the project," Hughes says. "The first being our over-dependency on plastic and the damage it has subsequently caused to the environment. The second inspiration was learning about the principles of the circular economy, and how there is a viable system available that is restorative and regenerative by design. This inspired me to value waste as a resource."

“在这个项目背后，我有两个主要的灵感来源，”休斯说。“首先是我们对塑料的过度依赖，以及随之而来的对环境的破坏。第二个灵感是学习循环经济的原理，以及如何有一个可行的系统可用，通过设计来恢复和再生。这让我意识到垃圾也是一种资源。”

The plastic could be used for the liner in bags for baked goods. (Photo: Dyson)

MarinaTex is made from organic fish waste that is destined for landfill and locally sourced red algae. It's flexible, strong and made in translucent sheets, making it ideal for single-use packaging. Unlike plastic, it fully biodegrades in home compost or recycling bins after four to six weeks without releasing any toxins into the environment.

MarinaTex是由有机鱼废料制成的，这些废料将被填埋在垃圾填埋场，并从当地的红藻中获取养分。它的灵活性，强度和半透明的性质，使其成为理想的一次性包装。与塑料不同的是，它可以在家庭堆肥或回收箱中完全生物降解，4至6周后不会向环境释放任何毒素。

Because there's so much waste from the fishing industry, the product helps "close the loop" of an existing waste stream. The product uses exoskeletons, fish skins and scales that contain strong and flexible protein structures, but are usually discarded. Hughes says that one Atlantic cod could generate enough organic waste to make 1,400 bags of MarinaTex.

由于捕鱼业有太多的废弃物，该产品有助于“关闭”现有的废弃物流。该产品使用的是外骨骼、鱼皮和鳞片，它们含有强壮而灵活的蛋白质结构，但通常被丢弃。休斯说，一条大西洋鳕鱼产生的有机废物足够制造1400袋腌鱼粉。

Solving the problems of tomorrow

解决明天的问题

The material is made from fish waste and red algae. (Photo: Dyson)

To find a way for the proteins to bind together to create a new material, Hughes tried different materials. After more than 100 different experiments — most of which she performed on the kitchen stove in her student apartment — she settled on agar, a jelly-like substance that comes from some species of red algae. It took eight months of work and was her final project for her undergraduate degree.

为了找到一种让蛋白质结合在一起形成新材料的方法，休斯尝试了不同的材料。她做了100多个不同的实验，其中大部分是在学生公寓的厨房炉子上进行的。这花了她8个月的时间，也是她本科学位的最后一个项目。

“Plastic is an amazing material, and as a result, we have become too reliant on it as designers and engineers. It makes no sense to me that we’re using plastic, an incredibly durable material, for products that have a life-cycle of less than a day. For me, MarinaTex represents a commitment to material innovation and selection by incorporating sustainable, local and circular values into design."

“塑料是一种神奇的材料，因此，作为设计师和工程师，我们变得过于依赖它。对我来说，我们使用塑料是毫无意义的，塑料是一种非常耐用的材料，它的使用寿命不到一天。对我来说，MarinaTex代表了对材料创新和选择的承诺，将可持续的、局部的和循环的价值融入设计。”

With 27 nations competing, the foundation says 2019 saw the highest number of female entrants in the competition since it started in 2007.

该基金会表示，2019年有27个国家参赛，是自2007年以来女性参赛人数最多的一年。

“MarinaTex elegantly solves two problems: the ubiquity of single-use plastic and fish waste," founder Sir James Dyson says. "Further research and development will ensure that MarinaTex evolves further, and I hope it becomes part of a global answer to the abundance of single-use plastic waste.”

该公司创始人詹姆斯•戴森爵士表示:“MarinaTex优雅地解决了两个问题:普遍存在的一次性塑料制品和鱼类废弃物。进一步的研究和开发将确保MarinaTex得到进一步发展，我希望它能成为解决一次性塑料垃圾过剩问题的全球方案的一部分。”