通过减少牛肉和羊肉的生产来应对气候变化

通过减少牛肉和羊肉的生产来应对气候变化

A new report a British advisory body has called for a 20%-50% cut in the number of sheep and cattle to help combat climate change -- adding to the growing international consensus that eating red meat is not only bad for your health, it is also bad for the environment.

英国一个咨询机构的一份新报告呼吁将牛羊的数量减少20%-50%，以帮助应对气候变化——这进一步增强了国际上越来越多的共识，即食用红肉不仅对健康有害，也对环境有害。

Lamb, beef and dairy production accounts for the majority of greenhouse gases emitted by farms in Britain, with sheep and cattle directly responsible for around 58% of agricultural emissions in the UK in 2016, says the report by the government's Committee on Climate Change (CCC).

政府气候变化委员会(CCC)的这份报告称，英国农场排放的温室气体主要来自羊肉、牛肉和奶制品，其中牛羊直接排放的温室气体约占英国2016年农业排放的58%。

The advisory body suggests that a dramatic reduction in the consumption of cow and sheep products could release up to 7 million hectares of grassland, which could instead be planted to create forests and help store carbon.

该咨询机构建议，大幅减少牛羊产品的消费可能会释放多达700万公顷的草地，而这些草地可以用来造林和帮助储存碳。

It recommends that the UK's land under forestry should increase to 19% from 14%.

报告建议英国的林业用地应该从14%增加到19%。

The committee also said a reduction in beef and lamb consumption would lead to a rise in the consumption of plant-based food, as well as chicken and pork.

该委员会还表示，减少牛肉和羊肉的消费将导致植物性食品、鸡肉和猪肉消费的增加。

The government's "Eatwell Guide" for a healthy and balanced diet outlines the proportion of a person's diet that each food group should provide. The report says that following these guidelines would lead to a dramatic reduction in the amount of red meat eaten by the population, with an 89% reduction for beef and a 63% reduction for lamb. This would also see a 20% decline in dairy products.

政府的健康均衡饮食“健康指南”概述了每个食物组应该提供的一个人的饮食比例。该报告说，遵循这些指导方针将导致人们大幅减少食用红肉的数量，牛肉减少89%，羊肉减少63%。这也将导致乳制品产量下降20%。

The target of reducing sheep and cattle numbers by 20%-50% also relies on people following the recommended diet, with the 20% goal achievable if people replace red meat with chicken and pork. The higher 50% goal would involve people switching to meat substitutes.

减少20%-50%牛羊数量的目标也取决于人们是否遵循推荐的饮食，如果人们用鸡肉和猪肉代替牛羊肉，20%的目标就可以实现。如果人们改为食用肉类替代品，那么50%的目标就可以实现。

The report, which has an overarching goal to create a "a new land use policy" that will help mitigate climate change, also includes recommendations to increase Britain's forested area as well as the restoration of the country's peatlands and the reduction of flood risks.

这份报告的总体目标是制定一项“新的土地使用政策”，以帮助缓解气候变化。报告还提出了增加英国森林面积、恢复泥炭地和降低洪水风险的建议。

"This is a wake-up call for government that we must completely transform the way we use land, to avoid climate breakdown and make space for nature," Friends of the Earth campaigner Guy Shrubsole said in a statement.

“地球之友”活动家盖伊·舒鲁伯索尔在一份声明中说:“这给政府敲响了警钟，我们必须彻底改变我们使用土地的方式，以避免气候崩溃，为大自然腾出空间。”

"As the Committee on Climate Change says, we need to free up land from agriculture by eating much less meat and dairy, and stop landowners burning and degrading peat bogs -- our single biggest carbon store."

“正如气候变化委员会所说，我们需要通过少吃肉类和奶制品来释放农业用地，并阻止土地所有者焚烧和降解泥炭沼泽，泥炭沼泽我们最大的碳储存地。”

Animal farming is responsible for 14.5% of the world's greenhouse emissions, according to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, making it a significant contributor to climate change. Of those emissions, 65% comes from beef and dairy cattle.

联合国粮农组织的数据显示，畜牧业占全球温室气体排放的14.5%，是气候变化的一个重要因素。在这些排放中，65%来自肉牛和奶牛。

A recent report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasized the need for people to consume about 30% less animal products. Eating less meat is one of a number of mitigation strategies suggested by the IPCC to overhaul agricultural and land-use practices, including the protection of forests.

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会最近发布的一份报告强调，人们需要减少30%的动物产品消费。少吃肉是政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)提出的全面改革农业和土地使用做法(包括保护森林)的诸多缓解策略之一。

A study last month predicted that as a result of population growth and the continued consumption of large amounts of red meat and processed food in the West, the environmental pressures from the food system could increase by up to 90% by 2050.

上个月的一项研究预测，由于人口增长和西方对大量牛羊肉和加工食品的持续消费，到2050年，食品系统给环境压力可能会增加到90%。