你需要知道的关于毒死蜱的事实
你需要知道的关于毒死蜱的事实
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide. It has been almost entirely banned for residential use since 2000 because of the heath risks it presents for children. But the pesticide's residue is still persistent in the environment. In addition, it is still sprayed commercially on some agricultural crops, including fruit trees and vegetables, and is also used on golf courses and for mosquito control.
毒死蜱是一种有机磷农药。自2000年以来，由于它会给儿童带来健康风险，它几乎完全被禁止用于住宅用途。但农药残留仍在环境中持续存在。此外，它还被商业地喷洒在一些农作物上，包括果树和蔬菜，还被用于高尔夫球场和蚊虫控制。
Chlorpyrifos is sprayed commercially on some agricultural crops, including fruit trees and vegetables. (Photo: Tommy Lee Walker/Shutterstock)
There has been a back-and-forth through the years as the government has struggled whether to keep the pesticide legal. Most recently, California announced that it will ban the sale of the pesticide beginning in early 2020, NPR reports. Sales will end in early February and growers will not be able to use it after Dec. 31, 2020.
多年来，政府一直在为是否让这种农药合法而斗争。据美国国家公共电台报道，最近，加州宣布从2020年初开始禁止销售这种杀虫剂。销售将在2月初结束，种植者将不能在2020年12月31日之后使用它。
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the pesticide in 2015, but it reversed that decision in 2017 under the Trump administration.
美国环境保护署(EPA)在2015年禁止了这种农药，但在特朗普政府执政的2017年推翻了这一决定。
Since then, a dozen environmental groups petitioned the EPA to ban the pesticide and a federal judge ordered the agency in August 2018 "to revoke all tolerances and cancel all registrations for chlorpyrifos within 60 days." But the EPA announced in July 2019 that it would not institute a federal ban on chlorpyrifos, CNN reports.
自那以后，十几家环保组织向美国环保署请愿，要求禁止使用毒死蜱。2018年8月，一名联邦法官命令该机构“在60天内撤销所有抗药性，并取消所有毒死蜱登记。”但据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)报道，美国环保署于2019年7月宣布，将不会在联邦政府中禁止毒死蜱。
"EPA has determined that their objections must be denied because the data available are not sufficiently valid, complete or reliable to meet petitioners' burden to present evidence demonstrating that the tolerances are not safe," the agency said in a statement.
环保署在一份声明中说:“环保署认为，必须驳回他们的反对意见，因为现有的数据不够有效、完整或可靠，不能满足请愿者提出证据证明耐受量不安全的要求。”
Environmental groups have argued that studies show that exposures to the pesticide is liked to low birth weight, reduced IQ, attention disorders and other issues in infants and children.
环保组织认为，研究表明，婴儿和儿童接触农药会导致出生体重下降、智商下降、注意力障碍和其他问题。
Earlier worries
早些时候的担忧
Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos can affect a boy's short term memory later in life. (Photo: mike mols/Shutterstock)
This is not the first time the insecticide has come under scrutiny. A 2012 study regarding chlorpyrifos shows a link between exposure and its effect on kids' brains — particularly for boys.
这并不是该杀虫剂第一次受到审查。2012年一项关于毒死蜱的研究表明，接触毒死蜱与毒死蜱对儿童大脑的影响有关，尤其是对男孩。
The study, published in the journal Neurotoxicology and Teratology and reported on by Environmental Health News followed 335 pairs of mothers and children that were part of a large group of families living in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. Several years ago, researchers were able to test each child's umbilical cord blood after birth to determine exposure level to various chemicals — including chlorpyrifos. Now, as many of the children are reaching school age, researchers are able to link the effect of various levels of chlorpyrifos exposure with each child's short-term memory.
该研究发表在《神经毒理学和畸形学杂志》，由环境健康新闻报道的335对母亲和儿童,是一大群生活在纽约低收入社区的一部分家庭。几年前，研究人员能够检测每个孩子出生后的脐带血，以确定他们与各种化学物质——包括毒死蜱——的接触程度。现在，随着许多孩子到了上学的年龄，研究人员能够将不同水平毒死蜱接触的影响与每个孩子的短期记忆联系起来。
For the boys, prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos was associated with lower scores on short-term memory tests than girls who were exposed to similar levels of the pesticide. Scores were an average of three-points lower for boys than girls. These findings suggest that chlorpyrifos may harm boys’ developing brains more than girls’.
对于男孩来说，产前暴露于毒死蜱的环境中，在短期记忆测试中的得分要低于暴露于同等水平杀虫剂的女孩。男生的平均分数比女生低3分。这些发现表明毒死蜱对男孩大脑发育的危害大于女孩。
