多少糖才合适?论文的发表引起了争论

多少糖才合适?论文的发表引起了争论

How many spoonfuls of sugar can you have in a day? The World Health Organization advises no more than about 6 teaspoons of added sugar -- less than a can of soda. The same recommendation was made for children in a study published in the journal Circulation in August.

你一天能吃多少匙糖？世界卫生组织建议添加糖不超过6茶匙-比一罐苏打水（的含糖量）还少。8月份发表在《循环》杂志上的一项研究中，对儿童也提出了同样的建议。

The US government put a limit on sugar for the first time in its 2015 dietary guidelines, recommending that added sugar should make up no more than 10% of your daily calories. For a 2,000-calorie-a-day diet, that would be 12 teaspoons.

美国政府在2015年的《膳食指南》中首次对糖的摄入量进行了限制，建议添加糖的摄入量不应超过每日卡路里摄入量的10%。对于每天2000卡路里的饮食，那就是12匙。

Now, a review paper published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine on Monday suggests that such guidelines might be wrong, saying they are based on low-quality evidence.

如今，周一发表在《内科学年鉴》杂志上的一篇综述文章指出，这些指导方针可能是错误的，它们的证据是低质量的。

Current guidelines on dietary sugar fail to adhere to standards made by the American nongovernmental organization Institute of Medicine in 2011, said Bradley Johnston, a scientist at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children and an assistant professor in the department of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics at McMaster University in Canada. He was the senior corresponding author of the new paper.

加拿大麦克马斯特大学临床流行病学和生物统计学系助理教授、多伦多病童医院科学家布拉德利·约翰斯顿表示，目前关于膳食糖的指导方针未能遵守美国非政府组织医学研究所2011年制定的标准。他是这篇新论文的高级通讯作者。

"Although our findings question the specific sugar recommendations from guidelines produced by leading authorities, the findings should not be used to justify high or increased consumption of sugary foods and beverages," Johnston said.

约翰斯顿说:“虽然我们的研究结果对权威机构制定的指导方针中的具体糖分建议提出了质疑，但这些发现不应被用来证明高糖或增加摄入含糖食品和饮料是合理的。”

'Guideline recommendations have to do a better job'

“指导性建议必须做得更好”

For the paper, Johnston and his colleagues reviewed nine separate guidelines on sugar made by health authorities from around the world between 1995 and 2016.

为了撰写这篇论文，约翰斯顿和他的同事们审查了1995年至2016年期间世界各地卫生当局制定的9个单独的食糖指南。

The researchers used two separate methods frequently employed in studies to rate the guidelines for trustworthiness and to assess their quality of evidence.

研究人员使用了研究中经常使用的两种不同的方法来对指导方针的可信度进行评级，并评估其证据质量。

Using one of the methods, the researchers found that, for otherwise healthy members of the public, the overall quality of evidence to support recommendations made in the guidelines was low to very low.

通过使用其中一种方法，研究人员发现，对于原本健康的公众来说，支持指南中提出的建议的证据的整体质量很低，甚至非常低。

According to the other method, the quality of the development of the guidelines was moderate, the researchers found. "That is, guideline recommendations have to do a better job of assessing the quality of evidence underpinning their recommendations and be more transparent on what the quality of the evidence actually is," Johnston said.

研究人员发现，根据另一种方法，指南的制定质量是中等的。约翰斯顿说：“也就是说，指南建议必须更好地评估支持其建议的证据的质量，并在证据的实际质量方面更加透明。”

A war against diabetes

对抗糖尿病的战争

Although all of the reviewed guidelines in the paper recommended a decrease in sugar consumption, "the rationale and evidence used to make each recommendation were inconsistent," the researchers wrote.

研究人员写道，尽管论文中所有经过审查的指南都建议减少糖的消耗，但“提出每个建议的理由和证据是不一致的”。

But since the researchers reviewed guidelines published over a 20-year period, Schillinger said, they were likely to find inconsistencies. "It is widely known that science evolves over time," Schillinger said.

但是，席林格说，由于研究人员审查了20年来发布的指南，他们很可能会发现不一致的地方。“众所周知，科学是随着时间而发展的，”席林格说。

"We are in a public health war against diabetes, and we need to create smart strategies to win this war and prevent needless suffering and death. This is serious business," he said.

“我们正在与糖尿病进行一场公共卫生战争，我们需要制定明智的策略来赢得这场战争，防止不必要的痛苦和死亡。这是一件严肃的事情。”

"It is time we fought a home-front war against diabetes," he said.

他说:“现在是我们在国内抗击糖尿病的时候了。”

Schillinger added that he stands by current governmental guidelines recommending that added sugar should not exceed between 5% and 10% of your daily calories.

席林格补充说，他坚持现行的政府指导方针，建议添加的糖分不应超过每日热量的5%到10%。

"Were the public to believe and follow such guidelines, this would mean that profits for junk food companies would fall by half," Schillinger said. "So there is both a lot of money and a lot of lives on the line."

“如果公众相信并遵循这些指导方针，这将意味着垃圾食品公司的利润将下降一半，” 席林格说。“因此，既有大量的钱，也有很多人的生命处于危险之中。”