细数秋季不同品种的梨

细数秋季不同品种的梨

According to the autumnal equinox, it's officially fall, which means visions of pumpkin spice are probably already swimming in your subconscious. But before you reach for the Halloween candy, consider the humble pear, a true harbinger of fall. The history of cultivated pears goes as far back as prehistoric times, with a recipe for stewed, spiced pears appearing in a Roman cookbook around the first century.

根据秋分，这是正式的秋天，这意味着南瓜香料的想象可能已经在你的潜意识里游动。但在你伸手去拿万圣节糖果之前，先考虑一下不起眼的梨子，它是秋天的先兆。栽培梨的历史可以追溯到史前时代，大约在公元一世纪，一本罗马食谱中出现了炖香梨的食谱。

There are more than 3,000 varieties of pears in the world. (Photo: Agyle [public domain]/Wikimedia Commons)

Pears are a unique fruit in that they ripen best after being picked, not on the tree, with only a few varieties changing color to let you know when they're ready. The best way to test their ripeness is to "check the neck," meaning to gently push on the stem area with your thumb. If it yields, it's ready to eat. If not, give it a couple more days at room temperature. Pears ripen quickly, so check them often before they turn to mush.

梨是一种独特的水果，采摘后最成熟，而不是挂在树上，只有几个品种会变色，让你知道它们什么时候成熟。测试它们成熟的最好方法是“检查脖子”，意思是用拇指轻轻按压茎部。如果它屈服了，就可以吃了。如果没有，在室温下再放几天。梨熟得快，所以在变软之前要经常检查。

Bartlett pear

洋梨

Bartlett pears start off green, but turn a golden yellow once fully ripe. (Photo: jaymethunt/Pixabay)

Bartletts are usually green at the grocery store, and will ripen to yellow if left out at room temperature. Eat them green if you prefer them tart and crunchy, or let the pear sit until it turns a golden hue for a sweet and juicy bite.

洋梨在杂货店通常是绿色的，如果放在室温下，它会变成黄色。如果你喜欢酸脆的梨，可以吃绿色的，或者把梨放在一边，直到它变成金色，这样咬起来就会香甜多汁。

Bosc pears

博斯克梨

Are you a Dutch Master in need of a still life? Consider the photogenic Bosc pear. (Photo: Natalie Board/Shutterstock)

Their elegant long necks and rusty brown color make them a favorite for painters and photographers of the still life, while bakers appreciate their tight, dense flesh. Since they retain their shape so well, they're the perfect pear to broil, and their flavor is not overwhelmed by strong spices like cinnamon or nutmeg.

它们优雅的长脖子和锈迹斑斑的棕色使它们成为静物画家和摄影师的最爱，而面包师则欣赏它们紧实的肌肉。因为它们的形状保持得很好，是完美的烤梨，它们的味道不会被肉桂或肉豆蔻等强烈的香料所淹没。

Asian pear

亚洲梨

Asian pears are also known as sand pears, apple pears, Japanese pears and Taiwan pears. (Photo: MrGajowy3/Pixabay)

The most un-pearlike of its brethren, you'd be forgiven for thinking the Asian pear is an apple at first glance. They're round and tannish in color, usually speckled, with a satisfying crunch and crisp taste.

亚洲梨是最不像梨的品种，乍一看，你会认为亚洲梨是苹果，这是可以理解的。他们是圆形的，浅棕色，通常有斑点，吃起来很脆，味道令人满意。

Anjou pear

昂儒梨

The Anjou pear, or Beurré d'Anjou, is named after the Anjou region of France. (Photo: Samantha Forsberg [CC by 2.0]/Flickr)

Don't wait for the Anjou to change color — unlike the Bartlett, it remains green, even when fully ripe.

不要等到昂儒梨变色——与洋梨不同的是，即使完全成熟，它仍然是绿色的。

Seckel pear

塞克尔梨

Bite-sized Seckel pears are as tiny as they are sweet. (Photo: Natalia Livingston/Shutterstock)

Don't overlook the Seckel, which is the smallest of pears, and therefore the cutest. This tiny variety isn't in season for very long, which makes them an extra-special treat.

不要忽略了它，它是最小的梨，因此也是最可爱的。这种小品种不会在季节里待很长时间，这使它们成为一种特别的享受。

Comice pear

考密斯梨

The Christmas pear is beloved for its sweet, buttery, succulent taste. (Photo: Snoop [CC by SA 3.0]/Wikimedia Commons)

Known as the Christmas pear due to its seasonal availability, you'll see this rotund fruit popping up in gift baskets and holiday displays.

由于它的季节性供应，被称为圣诞梨，你会看到这种圆形的水果出现在礼品篮和节日展示。