越来越多的千禧一代搬去和他们的父母同住

越来越多的千禧一代搬去和他们的父母同住

I love this photo: Mom and dad, two kids and a new puppy, grandma embroidering away in front of the fireplace. If you see it, you know I'm writing about multi-generational families. When it was taken, living with mom and dad was not all that common in the United States, but this is changing quickly. According to Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan of Fast Company, more and more Americans are living with more generations under one roof.

我喜欢这张照片:妈妈和爸爸，两个孩子和一只小狗，奶奶在壁炉前绣花。如果你看到了，你就知道我写的是多代同堂的家庭。拍摄时，和爸爸妈妈住在一起在美国并不常见，但这种情况正在迅速改变。据Fast Company的凯尔西•坎贝尔-多拉格汉(Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan)称，越来越多的美国人与更多的世代生活在同一个屋檐下。

Families don't look like this anymore. (Photo: Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Actually, I'm not so sure researchers are puzzled or that the reasons are all that complex.

事实上，我不确定研究人员是否感到困惑，也不确定原因是否如此复杂。

Graphic: Pew Research Center

We've covered this issue before on MNN, writing about the "club sandwich generation" — the baby boomers who are coping with elderly parents, kids and grandkids. I predicted then that we were going to need a lot of triplexes.

我们之前在MNN上报道过这个问题，写的是“三明治俱乐部一代”——婴儿潮时期出生的人，他们要应付年迈的父母、孩子和孙辈。我当时预测我们会需要很多三次神经丛。

How many babies were born each year? (Photo: U.S. Census)

It's a few years later, and we have a lot more sandwiches and not a few clubs. The issue basically comes down to two prime movers: demographics and economics. Note the two peaks in the graphic above: the high peak of the baby boomers, and then the build-up of the millennials, who now outnumber their parents.

几年后，我们有了更多的三明治，而不是俱乐部。这个问题基本上可以归结为两个主要推动者:人口统计学和经济学。请注意上图中的两个高峰:婴儿潮一代的高峰，以及千禧一代的增长，现在千禧一代的人数已经超过了他们的父母。

Many of these aging baby boomers have been or are dealing with their own aging parents. It's a struggle when they are far away. My wife's mother was only an hour away, but when you get to the point that you're doing that trip twice a day, it becomes very hard. Many of those baby boomers are thinking about what's going to happen to them in a few years; most can't afford retirement homes. Suddenly, the idea of having the kids close by starts to look very attractive.

这些上了年纪的婴儿潮一代中，有许多人已经或正在与自己上了年纪的父母打交道。当他们住得远时，这是一场斗争。我岳母离这里只有一个小时的路程，但当你达到每天两次这样的程度时，就会变得非常困难。这些婴儿潮一代中的许多人都在想几年后他们会发生什么;大多数人住不起养老院。突然间，有孩子在身边的想法开始变得非常有吸引力。

Row houses in Philadelphia: some are singles, some are duplexes. (Photo: Lloyd Alter)

Campbell-Dollaghan notes that some builders are selling homes specifically for this multigenerational market, notably Lennar with its NexGen homes. We pretty much dismissed these in an earlier post noting that the houses were in the middle of nowhere, totally car-dependent, took up way too much space and resources, and were not, in fact, flexible at all. But we have to change the way we think about house planning, and return to a much more flexible form.

坎贝尔-多拉格汉指出，一些建筑商专门针对这一多代同堂的市场销售房屋，尤其是Lennar及其NexGen homes。在之前的一篇文章中，我们基本上忽略了这些问题，指出这些房子位于偏僻的地方，完全依赖汽车，占用了太多的空间和资源，而且实际上一点也不灵活。但是我们必须改变我们对房屋规划的想法，回到一个更加灵活的形式。

A 'Toronto special' from the '60s: It's a single, double or triple depending on how you use it. (Photo: Lloyd Alter)

This shouldn't be a matter of choice, but should be a matter of regulation by zoning bylaws and building codes. Design flexibility, greater density and multifamily zoning should be built into the fabric of our housing.

这不应该是一个选择的问题，而应该是一个分区细则和建筑规范的问题。设计的灵活性，更大的密度和多家庭分区应该内置在我们的住房结构。

We have 70 million aging baby boomers, most of whom own houses, and we have 75 million millennials, most of whom will never be able to afford houses. There are 33.6 million empty bedrooms in the U.S., (177,734 in New York City alone) yet we have millions of millennials who can't find affordable housing. Some of these bedrooms are in houses that could be converted and adapted; others could simply be shared.

我们有7000万上了年纪的婴儿潮一代，他们中的大多数人都有房子，我们有7500万千禧一代，他们中的大多数人永远买不起房子。美国有3360万间空卧室然而，我们有数百万千禧一代找不到负担得起的住房。其中一些卧室位于可以改造和适应的房子里;其他的可以简单地分享。

As the baby boomers age and the millennials have their 1.7 kids that they can't afford day care for, it's likely that a whole lot of them are going to be moving in with mom. We should make it easier to do so.

随着婴儿潮时期出生的人年龄增长，千禧一代有1.7个孩子，他们负担不起日托，很可能他们中的很多人都要搬去和妈妈一起住。我们应该使这一点更容易实现。