食物过敏和食物不耐受的区别是什么?

食物过敏和食物不耐受的区别是什么?

Have you been bombarded with all the news out there related to reactions to food? Terms like food allergy and food intolerance are batted around as if they're the same thing. But are they? Let's take a look.

你是否被与食物反应有关的新闻狂轰滥炸?像食物过敏和食物不耐受这样的术语被认为是一样的。但是真的是这样吗?让我们来看看。

A food allergy is an immediate reaction to a food related to a specific antibody to that food called IgE. Almost all the symptoms appear within a few minutes of eating the offending food. Food allergy reactions can involve many different organ systems. The skin is the organ most commonly involved, with hives and/or swelling. Some patients can develop difficulty breathing and may also experience wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, a drop in blood pressure, throat closing off, seizures and even death. This is anaphylaxis, and it is a true medical emergency. All patients with food allergy must avoid the food(s) causing allergy and carry an autoinjector of epinephrine.

食物过敏是对一种食物的即时反应，这种食物与一种叫做IgE的特定抗体有关。几乎所有的症状都出现在食用这些令人讨厌的食物后的几分钟内。食物过敏反应涉及许多不同的器官系统。皮肤是最常见的器官，有荨麻疹和/或肿胀。有些病人可能会出现呼吸困难，还可能出现喘息、呕吐、腹泻、血压下降、喉咙闭合、癫痫发作甚至死亡。这是过敏反应，是真正的医疗紧急情况。所有食物过敏的病人必须避免引起过敏的食物，并随身携带肾上腺素自动注射器。

Food intolerance or sensitivity is a different condition from true food allergy. It can involve many symptoms, usually affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike a true food allergy, a food intolerance may take hours or even days to develop after eating the offending food. Symptoms may last hours to days. GI symptoms can vary and may include stomach ache, bloating, nausea and diarrhea. Other symptoms linked to food intolerance are headaches, joint problems, reflux and fatigue. Unlike food allergy, food intolerance does not progress to a life-threatening reaction.

食物不耐受或过敏与真正的食物过敏是不同的。它包括许多症状，通常影响胃肠道。与真正的食物过敏不同的是，食物不耐受可能需要数小时甚至数天的时间才能在食用了这些令人讨厌的食物后形成。症状可能持续数小时至数天。胃肠道症状各不相同，可能包括胃痛、腹胀、恶心和腹泻。其他与食物不耐受有关的症状包括头痛、关节问题、反流和疲劳。与食物过敏不同，食物不耐受不会发展到危及生命的反应。

Certain foods are more likely than others to cause food intolerance. For example, some people are missing the enzyme lactase that breaks down sugars in dairy products and this leads to problems. Lactase deficiency can cause gas, abdominal pain, nausea and bloating if the person accidentally consumes dairy. Gluten is a protein found in certain grains – such as wheat, barley and rye – and is linked to numerous conditions of food intolerance. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder due to antibodies produced when eating gluten. The antibodies damage the small intestines and can lead to diarrhea, bloating, gas, weight loss, skin rashes, fatigue and depression. Diagnosis of celiac disease can be confirmed by blood tests and biopsy of the small intestine. Treatment involves maintaining a strict gluten-free diet.

某些食物比其他食物更容易引起食物不耐受。例如，一些人缺少乳糖酶，这种酶可以分解乳制品中的糖，这就导致了问题。如果不小心吃了乳制品，乳糖酶缺乏会导致胀气、腹痛、恶心和腹胀。谷蛋白是一种存在于小麦、大麦和黑麦等特定谷物中的蛋白质，它与许多食物不耐症有关。乳糜泻是一种自身免疫性疾病，由食用谷蛋白时产生的抗体引起。这些抗体会损伤小肠，导致腹泻、腹胀、胀气、体重减轻、皮疹、疲劳和抑郁。乳糜泻的诊断可以通过血液检测和小肠活检来确诊。治疗包括保持严格的无谷蛋白饮食。

How do you know if you have a food intolerance? The best approach is to remove any foods from your diet that you believe are causing the problem and see if your symptoms resolve. If they do, you should re-challenge yourself with the food and see if the symptoms re-develop in order to confirm the cause. What if you're unsure if a specific food is causing you problems? You could try an elimination diet, which removes the most common foods that cause symptoms and see if you feel better. Ideally this should be done under the care of your allergist.

你如何知道你是否有食物不耐受?最好的方法是从你的饮食中去除任何你认为引起问题的食物，看看你的症状是否消失了。如果是这样，你应该重新挑战自己的食物，看看症状是否重新发展，以确定原因。如果你不确定某种特定的食物是否会给你带来问题呢?你可以尝试一种消除饮食法，去除最常见的引起症状的食物，看看你是否感觉好些。理想情况下，这应该在你的过敏专科医生的照顾下完成。