看看就好的5种最危险的运动

Extreme sports tend to draw people in for the adrenaline rush and action. However, most of them can be done safely – for the most part. But like anything, there are exceptions. The more extreme you get, the more dangerous the risky it becomes, and the more thrilling it is to the athletes doing them. So what are the most dangerous extreme sports? Here we have some of the top 5 most thrilling, hazardous, and deadly sports around. Some of them may surprise you!

人们常常因为肾上腺素激增和炫酷的动作而被极限运动所吸引。不过，大多数极限运动的绝大部分都可以安全完成。但任何事情都有例外。动作越极限，它的危险性就越高，而运动员完成这些动作就越令人兴奋。所以最危险的极限运动是什么呢?以下我们列出了5种最刺激、最冒险并且最致命的运动。其中一些或许能让你颇感意外。

Big Wave Surfing

With how common surfing is, it’s surprising this sport made it on the list. However, I’m not talking about your normal surfing. To count as big wave surfing, the wave should be at least 20 feet tall! There are so many hazards to this sport that you may not think of.

First off, waves this big are extremely powerful. In a big wipeout, surfers can be pushed 20 to 50 feet (6.2 to 15.5 m) below the surface. On top of that, it’s easy to get disoriented under the water from a wave that powerful, and it’s imperative that they can regain their equilibrium quickly – and get to the surface before the next wave comes, usually less than 20 seconds later. The waves are the biggest risk to surfers, due to being held down by the waves. Surviving one wave is challenging enough, and surviving three is almost unheard of.

Apart from just drowning, there’s also the factor of the ocean floor. No matter what it is – sand, rocks, or coral, it can all be hazardous to the surfer. When it comes to big wave surfing, all waves are strong enough to make even a sandy ocean floor feel like concrete. Rocks are a no brainer. Getting pummeled into a rock surface will almost definitely injure you. Finally, coral will cut you like razors, and even leave broken pieces in your skin that could potentially become infected afterwards.

Big Wave Surfing World Record

Tallest wave ever surfed – 78-foot tall wave in Portugal was surfed by Garrett McNamara in 2011.

巨浪冲浪

冲浪十分常见，所以这项运动能出现在这个榜单里很让人意外吧?不过，这里所说的不是普通的冲浪。能算得上巨浪的，那得是至少6米高的浪。这项运动中存在了诸多你想不到的危险。

首先，这么高的海浪威力极大。被这样的巨浪打翻，冲浪者会被拍进海面以下6.2米至15.5米。此外，如此威力的海浪，在水下很容易失去方位感，必须尽快重新掌握平衡并且在下一个海浪袭来之前浮出海面，通常时间不会超过20秒。对于冲浪者来说，海浪是最危险，因为他们会被海浪压制到水下。能战胜一个巨浪已经很具挑战了，战胜三个几乎闻所未闻。

除了溺水以外，海床也是一个因素。无论是沙子，还是岩石，或者是珊瑚，对冲浪者来说都是危险因素。当涉及到巨浪冲浪时，所有的海浪都十分强劲足以使得含沙的海床像是混凝土一般。岩石就更不用说了。撞到岩石上绝对会让你受伤。最后，珊瑚会像刀片一样划伤你，甚至留在皮肤中破碎的珊瑚残渣之后可能会让你受到感染。

巨浪冲浪世界纪录

2011年，Garrett McNamara在葡萄牙征服了23.7米的巨浪。

Street Luging

Have a need for speed? Then you might want to look into street luging! But first, there’s a lot to this simple sport that can go wrong. Street luging was originally developed when skateboarders realized they could lie down on their boards to go faster. It has since evolved into its own sport, with more refined boards specific to this sport – boards that don’t have breaks.

Because your body is flat when street luging, there is little to no wind resistance, which helps the rider to go faster down the road. However, because the rider’s body is so close to the ground, it’s easy to hit body parts against the pavement even just by simple steering. Think about it – even just grazing your elbow against the ground while going 80 miles per hour could potentially skin you to the bone, which in turn could make you crash. And while riders can get protective gear – suits and helmets – many riders feel like the extra weight only slows them down.

The most common injuries in street luging are bruises, broken bones, or dislocated joints; although there are no dependable statistics yet about deaths. If you’re not doing this insane sport on a closed road, you have the added hazard of potential vehicles on the road, with collision being difficult to avoid.

The simplicity of street luge could be what draws so many people in – is it enough to peak your interest?

Street Luging World Record:

Fastest speed – 101 miles per hour (164 km/h) in Quebec, Canada by Mike McIntyre in 2016.

旱地雪橇

想体验一下极品飞车?不如试试旱地雪橇。不过首先要说的是，这项简单的运动也很容易出现问题。旱地雪橇最初由滑板发展而来，因为滑板运动员发现躺在滑板上可以速度更快。自此旱地雪橇进化成一项独立的运动，针对这项运动也有了很多更精细的滑板，而且这些滑板没有刹车。

由于在旱地雪橇时你的身子是躺平的，这样可以接近零风阻，使得滑行者更快速的沿路而下。不过，由于滑板上的人距离地面太近了，就算是一个简单地转向都很容易撞到路面。想象一下，在128公里/小时的时速下，就算胳膊肘蹭到路面都会破皮见骨，而且蹭这一下可能还会让你人仰板翻。虽然滑行者可以穿戴滑行衣和头盔等保护装备，但是许多人都认为这些额外的重量只会减慢他们的速度。

在旱地雪橇中最常见的伤就是淤青、骨折或者是关节脱臼。而且关于死亡人数还没有相关可信的数据。如果你不是在封锁的道路上进行这项疯狂的运动，那么还要把路上可能出现的车辆考虑进去，因为碰撞很难避免。

能吸引这么多人投身其中可能是因为旱地雪橇的简单明了，它是否足够点燃你的兴趣呢?

旱地雪橇世界纪录

最快时速达到了164公里/小时，于2016年由Mike McIntyre在加拿大的魁北克创造。

Cave Diving

While cave diving isn’t an adrenaline spiking sport, it is definitely among the most deadly. Consider this – you’re 100 feet deep in the ocean, AND you’re in a cave. One wrong move and you can’t just swim to the surface; you have to exit the same way you went in.

When cave diving, you deal with getting lost, running out of air, enclosed spaces, getting stranded in darkness, or dealing with issues due to underwater currents. The margin of error is minuscule, and while the hazards may seem obvious, people still manage to make mistakes all the time. The precautions cave divers must take is demonstrated in the amount of equipment they need. Cave divers need almost twice the amount of gear than standard open water divers, such as two tanks, computers, lights, safety lines, and more.

Some divers don’t take the dangers as seriously as they should, which shows in the statistics. 95% of all cave diving deaths were people who weren’t trained properly and went beyond their limits – the rest were pros who knew what they were doing. On average, about 10 cave divers die per year. While that may not seem like a high number, to put things into perspective, there are only a few thousand cave divers in the world.

Cave Diving World Record:

Deepest Cave Dive – 927 feet (282 m) in South Africa by Nuno Gomes in 1996.

洞穴潜水

虽然洞穴潜水并不是能够激发肾上腺素的运动，但是绝对算得上是最致命的。这么说吧，你在海洋中30米的深处，而且还在一个洞穴中。你必须按照原路返回海面，只要走错一步就会葬身海底。

当你进行洞穴潜水的时候，可能会遇见各种情况，迷路、氧气用光、封闭的空间、被困黑暗或者是由水中暗流导致的其他问题。容错性非常低，而且就算危险就在眼前，人们还是会不停的犯错。洞穴潜水者必须做的预防措施可以从他们潜水装备的数量看出。相比标准开阔水域潜水者的装备数量，洞穴潜水者的装备数量几乎是他们的两倍，比如说要背两个氧气罐、潜水电脑、照明装备、安全绳等等。

根据数据显示，有一些潜水者就没把危险当回事儿。洞穴潜水中95%的死亡事件都是因为潜水人没有接受过专门的培训而且高估了自己的能力导致的，剩余的5%都是头脑清醒的专业潜水者。平均每年大约会有10名洞穴潜水人死亡。虽然这个数字并不高，但是着眼全局，全世界只有几千人在从事这项运动。

洞穴潜水世界纪录

最深的洞穴潜水——282米，由Nuno Gomes于1996年在南非创造。

Free Solo Climbing

The popular trend of rock climbing has been on the rise. However, most standard rock climbers use a rope! That’s where the craziness of free solo climbing comes in. Free solo climbing is rock climbing alone and without any protective gear. It all comes down to pure skill, and crossing your fingers (figuratively, of course!).

As one could guess, falling is the most common reason for injuries or death. But there are a lot of things to factor into the reason for falling. Even if you’re the best climber, you can’t account for changes of weather conditions, loose holds, or falling rocks. For the most part, it’s not a matter of if you fall, but when!

So if skill can’t even protect you, what’s the allure? Many climbers who participate in this risky style say it’s the most pure form of climbing – it’s just the climber and the rock. They say the hassle of gear can get in the way, even if it is safer. Even so, many free solo climbers admit to the dangers of what they’re doing, and discourage others from following in their footsteps – or footholds.

Free Solo Climbing Record:

Longest climb – 3,000 feet up El Capitan, Yosemite, done by Alex Honnold in 2017

徒手攀岩

攀岩的流行程度在增加。不过，多数攀岩者都会使用安全绳。这就是徒手攀岩的疯狂之处。徒手攀岩是不用任何保护装置的攀岩。完全考验个人的技巧，还有运气。

可想而知，坠落会是最常见的受伤和死亡原因。但是导致坠落有很多原因。即使你是最顶尖的攀岩人，也无法控制天气条件的改变，手滑没抓紧，或者是落岩。大多数时候，不是你是否会坠落的问题，而是什么时候会坠落。

所以既然技巧都没法保护你，那么这项运动的诱惑在哪儿呢?许多参与徒手攀岩的人都表示这是一种最纯粹的攀岩形式，广阔的天地中只有你和岩壁。他们表示安全装备带来的麻烦会妨碍他们攀岩，即使那样会更安全。不过，还是有许多徒手攀岩人承认他们这样做的危险性，并且不赞成其他人追随他们的脚步。

徒手攀岩世界纪录

Alex Honnold在2017年成功攀登上美国Yosemite国家公园914米高的酋长岩。

Base Jumping

If skydiving isn’t intense enough for you, BASE jumping is about as extreme as you can get, and arguably the most dangerous sport in the world. BASE itself is an acronym for Buildings, Antennas, Spans (bridges), and Earth (cliffs) – AKA, the structures you jump off of. This insane sport consists of jumping off a fixed structure, as described in the name of the sport, and either parachuting or wing suit flying to reach the ground. While you may not be falling as far as you would if you were to skydive, you have significantly less time to deploy your parachute and a nearly invisible margin for error.

BASE jumping has been growing in popularity since 1978, even with its high mortality rate of 1 in 60. Due to the dangerous nature of this sport, it is illegal in most places of the world, with few exceptions. In the United States, Perrine Bridge located in Idaho, is the only man-made place where BASE jumping is legal year-round without a permit. Everywhere else, jumpers will likely face arrest. Due to the legality, many pro BASE jumpers keep their jumps secretive so as not to be caught by officials.

BASE Jumping World Record:

Highest BASE Jump – 25,262 feet (7,700 m) in the Himalayas by Valery Rozov in 2016

定点跳伞(BASE Jumping)

如果跳伞对你来说不够刺激的话，定点跳伞就是你能达到的极致了，而且毫无疑问这是全世界最危险的运动。BASE本身是高楼(Building)、高天线塔(Antennas)、大桥(Spans(bridges))和悬崖(Earth(cliffs))的首字母缩写，也就是起跳点的构造。这个疯狂的运动正如其名，就是从一个特定的地点跳下，或者使用降落伞，或者使用飞鼠装来抵达地面。由于有普通跳伞那样的高度，打开降落伞的时间极其有限，容不得半点差池。

从1978年开始，即使有着1比60的死亡率，定点跳伞还是越来越受喜爱。由于这项运动十分危险，因此在世界大多数国家中都是非法运动，只有个别国家除外。美国爱达荷州的Perrine大桥，是唯一一个人造、合法的一年到头都可以定点跳伞的地点。而在其他地方，定点跳伞者可能会被逮捕。由于合法性的问题，许多专业定点跳伞者为了避免被抓，都选择偷偷摸摸的跳伞。

定点跳伞世界纪录

Valery Rozov在2016年在喜马拉雅山从7700米高处完成了定点跳伞。