在服用抗生素的时候饮酒，坏处有多大？

Q: Is it so terrible to have a glass of wine while on antibiotics?

问题：在服用抗生素的时候饮一杯酒，坏处有多大?

With a few antibiotics in particular, it is a pretty big deal. Metronidazole, tinidazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should never be mixed with any amount of alcohol because the combo can cause an unpleasant reaction, which may include headache, flushing, a rapid heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting. (FYI: Some cold medicines have alcohol in them, so read labels carefully.)

如果是正在服用一些特殊的抗生素，那么后果就会很严重。甲硝哒唑、磺甲硝咪唑、复方新诺明绝对不能与任何酒精混合，因为这一组合会引起不舒服的反应，比如头痛、脸红、心率加快、头晕和呕吐。(仅供参考：一些感冒药中含有酒精成分，所以要仔细阅读标签说明。)

As for other antibiotics, sipping a small amount of alcohol generally won't hamper their effectiveness, though some folks may find that the drugs' usual side effects (upset stomach, dizziness, drowsiness) are enhanced by alcohol.

至于其他抗生素，喝少量的酒一般不会影响药效，但是一些人却发现这些抗生素有一些副作用(肚子痛、头晕、犯困)会因为喝酒而增强。

But there are legitimate reasons why many doctors often warn against mixing the two. If that one drinks turns into several, the excess alcohol can depress your immune system and leave you tired and dehydrated. So if you're sick enough to need antibiotics, you're not helping your chances of getting better quickly by downing a glass of wine. Sorry to be a buzzkill!

但是许多医生经常警告说这两种物质不能混合，还是很有道理的。如果一个人不是喝了一杯酒，而是喝了好多杯，过量的酒精会降低你的免疫力，会让你感到疲惫以及脱水。因此，如果你的不适需要抗生素来治疗，同时喝下一杯喝酒的话，你的病不会好得更快。有点扫兴，十分抱歉!

Health’s medical editor, Roshini Rajapaksa, MD, is assistant professor of medicine at the NYU School of Medicine.

马里兰州的拉贾帕克萨是一位健康医学编辑，也是纽约大学医学院的医学助理教授。