3种基本的愤怒形式

There are a number of different anger theorists who have talked about different kinds of anger styles, but the one I’ll mention breaks anger styles into three forms of expression.

有很多不同形式的愤怒理论家已经讨论过不同的各种各样的愤怒形式，但我会讲愤怒风格分为三种表现形式。

There’s anger out. Anger out typically looks like the kinds of behaviors we see with someone that we consider to have a temper. They become very angry, and then they’re gonna be doing things like yelling, they may be using profanity, they may smash cellphones or pound their fist on the desk or something along those lines, destroy property. A single anger out episode, in fact, can even cause a heart attack. That anger expression style does have some risks. It also has personal consequences. As you can imagine if this is your employer or employee, this is gonna cause problems in the workplace.

愤怒了。愤怒通常看起来像我们看到某人的行为,我们认为有一个脾气。他们变得非常愤怒，然后他们会做事情喜欢大喊大叫，他们可能会使用不敬的语言,他们可能砸碎手机或用英镑的拳头砸桌子或者其他行为,破坏财产一类的。愤怒集中起来,事实上,甚至可以导致心脏病发作。愤怒的表现形式确实有一定的风险。它也有个人的后果。你可以想象是你的员工或老板，在工作场所会造成问题。

Likewise an anger in style where the person is more typically experiencing high levels of anger, but they’re not expressing them outwardly. So this person, it may not be clear to those around them that they are actually very, very angry, but they’re having an internal experience, usually of high levels of rumination, is what I see in my practice, where they’re stewing about it and they’re not engaging or doing an active problem solving. That too has physical implications and is correlated with things like gastrointestinal problems. There’s even some evidence that it might be linked to some forms of cancer.

同样风格的愤怒的人通常经历高水平的愤怒,但他们不表达在表面上。因此对已这种人，可能不清楚周围的人,他们其实非常,非常生气，但是他们有一个内部的经验,通常的高水平的沉思，就是我所看到的在我的实践中,他们焦虑,不参与或做一个积极的解决问题。也有物理意义和与诸如胃肠道问题。甚至还有一些证据表明,它可能会导致某些形式的癌症。

Finally anger control is the expression style in my practice is what we’re trying to teach clients. That’s where we’re really looking to have them do a few different things. One they’re gonna begin to change their thinking about things both how they’re perceiving situations in the first place, what they’re attributing the cause to, and then thinking about the practical implications and consequences of their actions. By doing so, they’re hopefully gonna bring down the level of anger in the first place. They’ll also use relaxation to bring down the level of anger, and then they’re gonna actively engage in problem solving and assertively communicate what’s going on for them. They might share their feelings. They might share what they proposed could make the situation better. That’s really the kind of expression style we’re looking for when we’re dealing with anger management.

最后，在我实践中的控制愤怒形式是我正在尝试教给客户的。这就是我们真的希望让他们做一些不同的事情。他们一旦开始改变他们的思考方式首先他们如何感知情况,他们将原因归咎于那些方面,然后考虑他们行为的实际意义和后果。通过做这些，首先他们希望降低愤怒的水平。他也希望通过放松来降低愤怒，然后他们会积极参与解决问题和自信的交流。他们可能会分享他们的感受。他们可能会分享他们所提出的会使处境变得更好的意见。当我们处理愤怒管理的时候，这真的是我们寻找的类型的表现形式。