为什么好心没好报？

        ' Throw away your assumptions about what people need,' advises Tori Hogan, a 27-year-old activist who has traveled the world studying the effectiveness of aid programs. Beyond Good Intentions, the Cambridge, Mass.-based charity-watchdog organization she founded, posts videos on its Web site that evaluate aid projects.
 

      Ms. Hogan tells of going to a village in Peru where an aid group brought in tourists to help build public toilets. The group ran out of money and time, the tourists ended their volunteering vacations, and the toilets were never completed. The aid group had thought access to restroom facilities was needed to boost living standards, Ms. Hogan says. 'But when I asked people in the community what they wanted, they said, 'What we really needed was irrigation, and to have our bridge fixed, so we could take our goods to market.''
 

      The never-completed toilets were gaping holes that had to be covered. Villagers feared their children would fall in.
 

     Such failed efforts are often repeated across the developing world, and some aid workers resent it when Ms. Hogan points them out. Too bad, she says. As she sees it, it is irresponsible to believe that as long as we mean well, the details will figure themselves out. It's no excuse to say: 'Well, at least my heart was in the right place.'
 

      It isn't always true that any help is better than no help. 'We see a lot of people coming to orphanages, attaching to kids, and they're gone in a week,' says Ms. Hogan.
 

      In one of the Beyond Good Intentions videos, a woman who runs an orphanage in Argentina explains that when these short-term volunteers say goodbye, the orphans 'are left feeling empty.' Now, as soon as volunteers arrive, wary orphans often ask, 'How long are you here for?' Says Ms. Hogan: 'They're tired of having their hearts broken.'
 

       In San Antonio, Jon Hansbrough received a parking ticket last year while briefly parked in a commercial loading zone. A church volunteer, he was delivering meals for a homeless shelter. He says the officer who issued the ticket told him he should have parked down the block and somehow carted the 500 pounds of food to the shelter.
 

       At first, Mr. Hansbrough, a 66-year-old disabled veteran, was upset, and called on fellow parishioners 'to pray that public officials will develop compassion for the homeless and tolerance for those who feed them.'
 

Being 'Punished'
 

        But on reflection, he chose not to dwell on the fact that he was 'punished' while doing good. Instead, he now stays with his sport-utility vehicle in case an officer shows up, while some of the homeless men quickly unload the food. 'I'm answering to a higher calling,' he says.
 

     Michael Grayson, who survived a more serious example of being 'punished' for a good deed, feels the same way. Last December, the 51-year-old carpenter from Jacksonville, Fla., stopped along a roadway to help an 87-year-old woman whose car wouldn't start.
 

       Mr. Grayson slid underneath her car, got it running by jumping the starter, but didn't realize the woman had left the car in drive. The car began to move and both the front and back tires rolled across him, crushing multiple bones. He has no insurance, and his medical bills now stand at $148,000. Medicaid and the woman's auto insurance have covered only a fraction of that amount, and his doctors expect him to be in a wheelchair until June.
 

      Still, Mr. Grayson says he has no regrets about helping that woman, and no hard feelings toward her. The lesson for him isn't that no good deed goes unpunished. Rather, he says, the lesson is to be more careful. 'I should have checked that the car was in park, and I should have blocked the tires before getting under the car,' he says.
 

     他希望自己的遭遇不会影响任何人坚持行善。他说，要尽你所能帮助别人，这样世界才能正常运转。