索罗斯：用SDR资助穷国应对气候变化

George Soros, the billionaire financier, unveiled a plan yesterday to lend poor countries $100bn to deal with the threat of climate change.

亿万富翁金融家乔治•索罗斯(George Soros)昨日提出一项建议：向穷国提供1000亿美元贷款，以应对气候变化的威胁。

The money would come from the International Monetary Fund, from financial instruments known as special drawing rights. These SDRs, used to create liquidity, are a type of basket “currency” used as an accounting unit by the IMF, and generally held by countries as part of their reserves.

这笔资金将来自国际货币基金组织(IMF)的金融工具——特别提款权(SDR)。这些SDR用于创造流动性，是一种篮子货币，被IMF用作核算单位，各国也普遍将其作为外汇储备的一部分。

Speaking at the UN climate conference in Copenhagen, Mr Soros argued the reserves were unnecessary and should be lent to developing countries, through a “green fund”.

索罗斯在联合国哥本哈根气候变化大会上发言时称，这部分储备是不必要的，应通过一个“绿色基金”，借给发展中国家。

“It is possible to substantially increase the amount available to fight global warming in the developing world by using the existing allocations of SDRs,” he said. “All that is lacking is the political will . . . Yet it could make the difference between success and failure at Copenhagen.”

“利用现有的SDR配额，有可能大幅增加发展中国家可用于抵御全球变暖的资金总额，”他表示。“目前唯一缺乏的是政治意愿……但这可能关系到哥本哈根会议的成败。”

No decision on Mr Soros's idea is likely at Copenhagen, but it could receive more attention in the coming months as rich countries struggle to agree how to finance pledges they make at the conference.

哥本哈根会议不太可能就索罗斯的提议做出任何决定，但随着富国难以商定如何出资、兑现自己在大会上做出的承诺，未来几个月这项提议可能会获得更多关注。

In the meantime, rich and poor countries have traded blows over financing. Poor countries are demanding at least $100bn (£61.5bn, €68bn) a year by 2020, in order to deal with climate change, and $10bn a year for the next three years to tie them over before the long-term funding begins.

与此同时，富国与穷国在资金问题上针锋相对。穷国要求到2020年每年至少得到1000亿美元，以应对气候变化，而未来三年每年得到100亿美元，用作长期资助开始之前的过渡性资助。

Some rich countries have pledged financial help, but nothing near this scale.

一些富国已承诺提供财务援助，但规模远远小于上述要求。

The SDR plan is a new twist on a long campaign by Mr Soros to use the instruments to fund development aid. As part of the plan to inject liquidity into the global economy earlier this year, the IMF's shareholder countries agreed a one-off creation of more than $250bn in SDRs. Because they were allocated in proportion to each country's “quota”, or contribution to the IMF, much of the SDR assets ended up in the foreign exchange reserves of rich countries.

长期以来，索罗斯一直倡导利用SDR工具为发展援助提供资金，这项计划是一个新的发展。今年早些时候，作为向全球经济注入流动性的计划的一部分，IMF股东国家同意一次性创造逾2500亿美元的SDR。由于这部分SDR是按各国“配额”——即对IMF的贡献——的比例进行分配的，大部分SDR资产最终又变成了富国的外汇储备。

Mr Soros's plan would see those governments lend them to poor countries for use as aid, with interest payments on that lending paid for by the sale of IMF gold reserves.

按照索罗斯的计划，富国政府将把这笔资金借给穷国，以作援助之用，而贷款的利息则通过出售IMF黄金储备支付。

英国《金融时报》菲奥娜•哈维(Fiona Harvey)、埃德•布鲁克斯(Ed Crooks)哥本哈根、艾伦•贝蒂(Alan Beattie)伦敦报道

译者/陈云飞