VOA慢速英语听力素材训练：词汇典故goat
VOA慢速英语，作为国际英语学习者的重要资源，通过清晰缓慢的发音与简洁的词汇，为初学者及中等水平学习者搭建了通往流利英语的桥梁。它不仅帮助提升听力理解能力，还丰富了词汇量，增强了语感，是学习地道英语表达不可或缺的工具，对全球英语学习者的语言提升至关重要。让我们一起进入今天的VOA慢速英语听力训练：词汇典故goat。
英文原文
Many of our English expressions come from our interactions with or observations of animals. Today we talk about an animal that gets blamed for a lot of bad - a goat. To be more exact, we are talking about a scapegoat. A scapegoat is a person who is the receiver of blame and anger about a situation, often the anger is without reason. So, if someone is unfairly blamed for something, that person could be called a scapegoat. Scapegoat combines the English words 'escape' and 'goat'. The word has an interesting history, but before we hear that, let's hear the word used in some examples. Just because Tabitha had made mistakes in the past, she became the scapegoat in her family for everything that went wrong. But in fact, her sisters did worse things than she did. The builder of a new apartment building became the scapegoat for changes to the neighborhood. Houses became more expensive, and poorer people began moving out. But in reality, wealthy people had been moving into the area for many years.
我们许多英语表达都来自与动物的互动或对动物的观察。今天我们来谈谈一种经常被归咎于很多坏事的动物——山羊。更准确地说，我们是在谈论替罪羊。替罪羊是指在某种情况下接收指责和愤怒的人，而这种愤怒往往是没有道理的。因此，如果有人被不公平地指责某事，那个人就可以被称为替罪羊。替罪羊这个词结合了英文单词“escape”（逃避）和“goat”（山羊）。这个词有一个有趣的历史，但在我们了解这个历史之前，让我们先听一些例句。仅仅因为塔比莎过去犯过错误，她就成了家里一切错误的替罪羊。但事实上，她的姐妹们做得比她更糟。一位新公寓楼的建造者成了社区变化中的替罪羊。房价上涨，穷人开始搬出。但实际上，富人已经在这个地区搬入很多年了。
Now let's talk about the origin. Where does this word come from? Experts with Miriam Webster say scapegoat is connected to religion. On the dictionary's website, they explain that on a certain religious holiday, ancient Hebrews would sacrifice one goat and lead another one into the wilderness. The goat sent to the wilderness carried all the sins of the people. So, historically speaking, a scapegoat is an actual goat that takes on the sins of others. In other words, the goat carried the sins of other people away with it. In our modern usage, a scapegoat is someone who bears the blame for others.
现在我们来谈谈这个词的起源。这个词是从哪里来的？根据米里亚姆·韦伯斯特的专家所说，替罪羊与宗教有关。在字典的网站上，他们解释说，在某个宗教节日里，古代希伯来人会牺牲一只山羊，并将另一只山羊带到荒野。被带到荒野的山羊背负了人们的所有罪恶。所以，从历史的角度来看，替罪羊实际上是一只承担他人罪恶的山羊。换句话说，山羊把其他人的罪恶都带走了。在现代用法中，替罪羊是指为他人承担指责的人。
In English, there is another word that has a similar meaning. A fall guy is someone who is blamed for something that someone else did. The word "fall guy" suggests that the person was set up for something they did not do. Here's an example: Lawyers for the defendant argued that their client was being set up by her boss. She was simply a fall guy for her boss's crimes. He was the real guilty party.
在英语中，还有一个意思相近的词。替罪羔羊是指被指责做了别人做的事的人。“替罪羔羊”这个词暗示这个人被陷害做了他没做过的事。这里有个例子：被告的律师辩称他们的客户被她的老板陷害了。她只是老板罪行的替罪羔羊。他才是真正的罪魁祸首。
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