英语练习：人工智能话题四六级阅读理解

阅读理解原文：

Artificial intelligence has brought a big boost in productivity—to the criminal underworld. 
Generative AI provides a new, powerful tool kit that allows malicious actors to work far more efficiently and internationally than ever before, says Vincenzo Ciancaglini, a senior threat researcher at the security company Trend Micro. 

Here are four ways criminals are using AI now. 
 

The biggest use case for generative AI among criminals right now is phishing, which involves trying to trick people into revealing sensitive information that can be used for malicious purposes. Researchers have found that the rise of ChatGPT has been accompanied by a huge spike in the number of phishing emails. 
 

 

Generative AI has allowed deepfake development to take a big leap forward, with synthetic images, videos, and audio looking and sounding more realistic than ever. This has not gone unnoticed by the criminal underworld.While deepfake videos remain complicated to make and easier for humans to spot, that is not the case for audio deepfakes. They are cheap to make and require only a couple of seconds of someone’s voice—taken, for example, from social media—to generate something scarily convincing.
 

 

Another way criminals are using deepfakes is to bypass “know your customer” verification systems. Banks and cryptocurrency exchanges use these systems to verify that their customers are real people. They require new users to take a photo of themselves holding a physical identification document in front of a camera. But criminals have started selling apps on platforms such as Telegram that allow people to get around the requirement. 
 

 

As an example of how this works, you could ask a chatbot to pretend to be a private investigator with experience in profiling. Then you could ask it to analyze text the victim has written, and infer personal information from small clues in that text—for example, their age based on when they went to high school, or where they live based on landmarks they mention on their commute. The more information there is about them on the internet, the more vulnerable they are to being identified. 

While the existence of these services doesn’t indicate criminal activity, it points out the new capabilities malicious actors could get their hands on. And if regular people can build surveillance tools like this, state actors probably have far better systems, Balunović says. “The only way for us to prevent these things is to work on defenses.” he says, “Companies should invest in data protection and security.”

For individuals, increased awareness is key. People should think twice about what they share online and decide whether they are comfortable with having their personal details being used in by the criminals.

阅读理解题目：

1、What causes the AI crime?
A. The existence of AI technology.
B. The state’s inaction in supervision.
C. People are not careful enough about privacy.
D. Comprehensive popularization of AI technology.

2、Which of the following behaviors may lead to audio fraud?
A. Pop-up card game when you surfing the Internet.
B. Elon musk calls you to form you there's something wrong with your twitter.
C. The Internet police sent an email asking you to cooperate with the investigation.
D. Unknown financial information mail received.

3、Which of the following does not prevent AI crime?
A. The state invests greater regulatory power.
B. People protect their personal information when using the Internet.
C. Revealing audio messages of relatives on the Internet.
D. Be cautious about the unknown websites.

4、What is Balunović’s attitude toward AI according to the passage?
A. Neutral.
B. Positive.
C. Negative.
D. Argumentative.

5、How should we consider the AI technology?
A. Resist it completely.
B. Trust it and give all of our information.
C. Be careful and be alert to the risks it brings.
D. Totally a tool of criminals.

阅读理解中文翻译：

人工智能极大地提高了犯罪分子的生产力。安全公司趋势科技的高级威胁研究员 Vincenzo Ciancaglini 表示，AI生成提供了一个新的、强大的工具包，使犯罪分子能够比以往更高效、更国际化地开展工作。 

以下是犯罪分子目前使用人工智能的四种方式。 
 

 

目前犯罪分子中生成式人工智能的最大用例是网络钓鱼，其中涉及试图诱骗人们泄露可用于恶意目的的敏感信息。研究人员发现，ChatGPT 的兴起伴随着网络钓鱼电子邮件数量的大幅增加。 
 

 

 

生成式人工智能让深度伪造技术取得了巨大的飞跃，合成图像、视频和音频比以往任何时候都更加真实。这并没有被犯罪分子所忽视。虽然深度造假视频制作起来仍然很复杂，也更容易被发现，但音频的深度造假的情况却并非如此。它们的制作成本低廉，并且只需要几秒钟的某人的声音（例如来自社交媒体的声音）即可生成令人难以置信的令人信服的内容。
 

 

 

犯罪分子使用深度伪造的另一种方式是绕过“了解你的客户”验证系统。银行和加密货币交易所使用这些系统来验证其客户是否是真实的人。他们要求新用户在相机前拍摄一张自己持有身份证件的照片。但犯罪分子已经开始在Telegram等平台上销售应用程序，让人们可以绕过这一要求。 
 

 

 

举个例子，你可以让聊天机器人假装是一名有分析经验的私家侦探。然后，你可以让它分析受害者写的文字，并从文字中的小线索推断出个人信息——例如，根据他们上高中的时间推断他们的年龄，或者根据他们在上下班途中提到的地标推断他们住在哪里。互联网上关于他们的信息越多，他们就越容易被识别。 

虽然这些服务的存在并不表明存在犯罪活动，但它说明了犯罪分子可以利用的新功能。巴卢诺维奇说，如果普通人都能够构建这样的监控工具，那么国家行为者应该是有更好的系统的。 “我们防止这些事情发生的唯一方法就是加强防御。” 他说，“公司应该投资于数据保护和安全。”

对于个人来说，提高意识是关键。人们应该三思而后行，考虑他们在网上分享的内容，并决定他们是否愿意让人工智能使用他们的个人信息。

阅读理解题目解析：

1、正确答案：D
随着AI技术的普及，犯罪分子将目光锁定在AI犯罪上，文章中并未提及政府和网民的不足之处。

2、正确答案：B
原文提到AI技术“With synthetic images, videos, and audio looking and sounding more realistic than ever.”因此音频犯罪应该是图像、音频类的诈骗手段，通过伪造Elon Musk的声音，使人们信服。

3、正确答案：C
原文提到“require only a couple of seconds of someone’s voice—taken, for example, from social media—to generate something scarily convincing”。几秒钟的人类音频信息便可生成逼真的内容。

4、正确答案：A
从文章理解中可知，Balunović认为AI应该被更好的监管，既不是完全肯定，也不是否定其功能，因此是中立（neutral）的。

5、正确答案：C

文章最后一段可知，我们应该警惕AI带来的风险，对个人信息更加谨慎，过分的相信或者抗拒都是极端的。