前沿资讯：以太坊重大变革——改善权力下放和无许可
In his blog post titled "The Near and Mid-Term Future of Improving the Ethereum Network's Permissionlessness and Decentralization," Vitalik Buterin outlines significant advancements for Ethereum's network. The primary focus is on developing strategies and implementing key protocol enhancements to enhance the experience for node operators and users on both Layer 1 and Layer 2.
Vitalik Buterin 在他的博客文章中，标题为“改善以太坊网络的无许可和权力下放的未来”，概述了以太坊网络的重大进步。主要重点是制定策略和实施关键协议增强功能，以增强第1层和第2层的节点运算符和用户的体验。
Ethereum's Development Goals
以太坊的发展目标
The Ethereum community and developers are continually questioning whether the network's development is aligned with the right goals. Concerns about the network's decentralization, along with the technical capacity to ship large and significant features, are being addressed, with many of these improvements already in progress. The focus now is to address the concerns raised by the community and provide viable solutions.
以太坊社区和开发人员不断质疑网络的发展是否符合正确的目标。对网络去中心化的担忧，以及开发大型重要功能的技术能力，正在得到解决，其中许多改进已经在进行中。现在的重点是解决社区提出的问题，并提供可行的解决方案。
Miner Extractable Value (MEV) and Builder Dependence
矿工可提取价值（MEV）和开发者依赖
Miner Extractable Value (MEV), a revenue form that only can be gained by executing complex strategies within various DeFi protocols, has caused concern within the Ethereum community. This form of revenue has led to large actors gaining a higher return per block due to their ability to optimize extraction algorithms. Ethereum researchers are working to minimize this issue by limiting the power of builders while still allowing them to optimize arbitrage and other forms of MEV collecting. The goal is to reduce the builder's power to exclude or delay transactions, thereby preventing certain types of attacks.
矿工可提取价值（MEV）是一种只能通过在各种 DeFi 协议中执行复杂策略才能获得的收入形式，它已引起以太坊社区的关注。这种收入形式导致大型参与者因其优化提取算法的能力而在每个区块中获得更高的回报。以太坊研究人员正在努力通过限制构建者的权力来尽量减少这一问题，同时仍允许他们优化套利和其他形式的 MEV 收集。目标是降低构建者排除或延迟交易的能力，从而防止某些类型的攻击。
Liquid Staking
流动性质押
Most Ethereum staking is currently done by various providers, including centralized operators and DAOs like Lido and RocketPool. However, solo stakers still make up a relatively small percentage of all Ethereum staking. The Ethereum community is researching ways to increase solo staking by reducing the minimum deposit size and simplifying the setup process. The goal is to make solo staking more accessible and economically viable for a wider range of participants.
目前，大多数以太坊盯盘都是由各种提供商完成的，包括集中式运营商和 DAO（如 Lido 和 RocketPool）。然而，单人注资者在所有以太坊注资者中所占的比例仍然相对较小。以太坊社区正在研究如何通过降低最低存款额和简化设置流程来增加单人注资。我们的目标是让更多的参与者能够更方便地进行单人盯盘，并在经济上更可行。
Hardware Requirements of Nodes
节点的硬件要求
The accessibility of running a node has been a contentious issue within the blockchain community for a decade. While running a node is currently challenging and requires significant resources, Ethereum is working on solutions to reduce the hardware requirements. Implementations of Verkle trees and EIP-4444 could potentially decrease node hardware requirements to less than a hundred gigabytes. Future developments could possibly reduce these requirements even further.
十年来，运行节点的可访问性一直是区块链社区中一个有争议的问题。虽然运行节点目前具有挑战性，需要大量资源，但以太坊正在研究降低硬件要求的解决方案。Verkle树和EIP-4444的实现有可能将节点硬件需求降至100千兆字节以下。未来的发展可能会进一步降低这些要求。
Conclusions
结论
Ethereum is taking steps to move away from reliance on a small number of large-scale actors for network operations. Current protocol proposals are emphasizing the need for a truly decentralized network, with developments such as stateless nodes, MEV mitigations, and single-slot finality already underway. However, there is still much work to be done to further enhance Ethereum's decentralization and permissionlessness.
以太坊正在采取措施，摆脱网络运营对少数大规模参与者的依赖。当前的协议提案正在强调建立一个真正去中心化网络的必要性，无状态节点、MEV 缓解和单槽终结等开发工作已经在进行中。然而，要进一步增强以太坊的去中心化和无权限性，仍有许多工作要做。
