补全短文分析 如何运用标点符号？

补全短文分析 如何运用标点符号？

解题思路

补全短文试题要求快速浏览原文，不要精读，故标点作为具有其独特意义的特殊文字符号毫无疑问为考生提供了明显的解题线索，那么应该如何正确解读标点符号背后的秘密呢？

由于做题时选项中出现最多的是句号，故看句号解题较难，我们主要从特殊标点上寻找线索。特殊标点包括：

1．引号句。选项中如果有引号句出现，空格周围可能会有引号句出现，故此项多填在含有相应引号句的段落。

2．问号句：包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。第一，若选项中有一般疑问句，一般会考排比句，即空格的前后均有一般疑问句时，此处多填选项中的一般疑问句。第二，针对特殊疑问句，首先要抓特殊疑问句的主语，若主语是名词或名词短语时，答语一般是代词；选项如果是用why来问的，答语则一般会有以下表原因的词语：because, because of, owing to, due to, reason, cause。

［温馨提示］

若一个选项对应两个空格时（即这个选项可能满足两个空格的要求时），就看选项中的单词与哪个空格周围的单词重复得多，重复多的为正确答案。选项中若有I, We时，先代入原文，看是不是以第一人称进行写作的，如果不是，它只能出现在引号句中。

接下来就让我们通过例题实战一下。

真题回放

Coffee Is "Health Drink"

It is a daily routine for millions of Italians—the morning cup of espresso brewed on the kitchen hob or downed swiftly in a cafe on the way to work.

But for years their favourite way of kick-starting the day has had a bad press—　46

Now it seems the tide is turning. Forget the scare stories, says dietician Chiara Trombetti.

47

Coffee can be good for you—the stronger, the better. Coffee contains tannin and antioxidants, which are good for the heart and arteries, Dr Trombetti says.

It can relieve headaches.　48　—and can help prevent cirrhosis and gallstones. And the caffeine in coffee can reduce the risk of asthma attacks—and help improve circulation within the heart.

There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. If you drink too much it can increase nervousness, and cause rapid heartbeat and trembling hands.

49

And even Dr. Trombetti says no one should drink more than three or four cups a day.

　50　But Dr. Trombetti is adamant that a cup of milky coffee could make the ideal start for the next generation of coffee lovers—Italy's drowsy school kids—stimulating their brains ahead of a day that often lasts from 08:30 until 16:00.

A. All of us are advised not to drink coffee any more.

B. Pregnant women, heart patients, and anyone with a stomach ulcer are usually advised to avoid it.

C. most recently when it was reported that doctors had told British Prime Minister Tony Blair to drink less coffee.

D. Many parents might be horrified at the thought.

E. There is sound scientific reason to enjoy your morning espresso without worrying about the health effects.

F. It is good for the liver.

［答案解析］

46．C。［解析］对比选项，A、B、C意思相近，选项D描述比较消极，E、F是表明咖啡的好处，建议食用。观察空格处的特点，在破折号后面，一般起解释说明的作用，即破折号前面内容一般是总述，后面一般是补充说明的分述。前一句话中关键词是bad, had a bad press意为“有负面报道”，故可以推测出下一句的内容与少喝咖啡有关，故答案为C。

47．E。［解析］联系上下文，第三段提到the tide is turning，说明人们对咖啡的看法在往好的方面转变，故答案从E、F中选择，F不能起到过渡的作用，故答案为E。

48．F。［解析］该题是在破折号前，起总述作用，可根据破折号后面内容判断此处答案。其中cirrhosis and gallstones（肝硬化和胆结石）正好与F中的liver对应，故答案为F。

49．B。［解析］该空格为独立段落，故需联系上下文确定答案。第七段在叙述咖啡的缺点，而倒数第二段建议每天适当地饮用咖啡，只有B选项起到了过渡的作用。

50．D。［解析］该空格处后紧跟but，说明空格处和最后一段中后面的内容是转折关系。后面表述的是：一杯牛奶咖啡对于下一代咖啡爱好者的重要性，是正面的意思，故空格处应为消极或否定的内容。故答案为D。

［温馨提示］

虽然句号和逗号太过平庸，不易在它们的身上找到隐藏的信息，但是我们可以从它们自身的意义上推理句际间的关系。句号表示一个句子的终结，故下一个新的句子若与前句有关则会连接不同的连接词，如but, then, thus, consequently等。逗号除了可以表达并列两个句子外，还可以提示补语、定语等。故在遇到句号和逗号时，也可以简单地推理句际关系。

［经典范例］

A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and　4　. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain.

A. to play an important role in newspaper operations

B. was the growth of telegraph services

C. and they usually enjoy great prestige

D. they are usually operated by a single owner

E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F. owned by a single person or organization

［答案解析］空格前为逗号，紧接着出现了并列连词and，说明所填充的句子与Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers形成并列关系。选项中A和E都不是独立的句子，B、F时态和形式均不符合，C选项中含有and，与原文重复，故D选项正确。