补全短文分析 如何寻句际关系词？

补全短文分析 如何寻句际关系词？

解题思路

补全短文考题涉及的考点通常与上下文之间意义关系的判别有关：上下文之间所形成的因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、对比关系（过去现在情况的对比，或两种相关情况的对比）、（句子结构和语意呼应的）排比关系、“观点＋解释”、“现象＋概括”、“概括＋分析”。在补全短文解题过程中，紧密联系空格处的上下文，寻找句际关系词是一个很常用同时也很有效果的方法。考生可以根据空格处的前句与后句所表述的内容，在选项中寻找与之对应的关系，或者在选项中寻找与空格处的前句与后句相对应的短语和词语，从而将正确的选项对号入座。如果利用得当，这种方法将大大提高做题速度，而且更能保证选择的准确性。同时，在文章难以读懂、主旨大意难以把握的情况下，这种解题方法也可作为一种另类的“杀手锏”。常见的逻辑关系有以下几种：

1．填充处前后句子是转折（让步）关系。有两种情况：

（1）后面句子没有任何表示转折的连接词，仅为意思上的转折，这种情况明显是要求填入一个带有转折连接词的句子，目标明确，一下子就能把表示转折的选项确定了，这种考题出现的几率较多，得分较为容易。

（2）前后句子已经出现了表示转折的连接词，带有表示转折连接词的选项，则应当排除。常见的表示转折关系的连接词有：but, however, yet, still, though, although, whenever, nevertheless, even if, whereas, besides, or else。

2．填充处前后句子是因果关系。有两种情况：

（1）仅为意思上的因果关系，填充处前后句子都没有连接词，有因果关系连接词的选项就可入选甚至可以确定了。

（2）填充处前后句子有连接词。如果选项中有连接词，则看选项的连接词是否是与前后句连接词构成因果关系，是则入选，不是则排除；选项若没有连接词，则看在意思上是否与前后句子对应有因果关系，如有则入选，没有则排除。常见表示因果关系的连接词有：because，since，on account of，owing，due (thanks) to，cause，reason，so，therefore，as a result，consequently，for this reason，as，in order that (to)，for the sake of，in that，now that，so that，thus。

3．填空处前后句子是并列关系。有三种情况：

（1）是意思上的并列关系。填充处前后句子没有连接词，但填充处前后句子的句型一样、结构相同或相似，那么选项就应是与前后句子一样结构的句子。

（2）是意思上的并列关系。填充处前后句子没有连接词，但填充处前后句子的句型不一样、结构也不相同，那么选项就应是带有表示并列关系连接词的句子。

（3）填充处前或后的句子有连接词表示并列关系，这种情况，先看选项的连接词是否与其连接词构成并列关系，是则入选，最常见的是归纳法和演绎法，采用“数字”或for example，such as等表示并列关系；选项没有连接词时，要看其在意思上是否与前后句子对应有并列关系，如有则入选。常见表示并列关系的连接词有：and, as well as, both... and..., either... or..., not only... but also..., besides, moreover, next, the first (second/third...), the... the..., after。

4．填空处前后句子是条件关系。那么选项就有两种可能：

（1）选项中有表示条件关系的连接词，如if, as if, as (so) long as, in case, lest, provided (providing), unless, like that, in that way, then, in that case, that；

（2）选项中有表示条件关系的助词，如can (could), will (would), may (might), shall (should) 等。

下面就让我们从例题中感受一下正确理解句际关系的妙处。

真题回放

You Need Courage!

Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事公司)，was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment.　46

So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students... and talking, and talking.　47　He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.

I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 pm." I took a deep breath, pushed open the door of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped.　48　Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath. He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled.　49

He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done.　50　When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.

A. I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.

B. As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.

C. I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.

D. He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to SUCCESS in the business world.

E. I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.

F. I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

［答案解析］

46．E。［解析］文章的第一段提到“我”得知百事公司的总裁要在科罗拉多大学讲学，就设法得到了约见他的机会。接下去应该是E，这是一个转折，“我”虽然得到了约见他的机会，但在他做完演讲之后却只有15分钟的时间。故在第二段的开头才会出现“我”在大学礼堂外面等候的描述。E与前后连贯，故是正确答案。

47．C。［解析］第二段开头描述“我”在礼堂外面等候的情况。第二个句子提到“我”能听到他给学生们讲话，他讲啊讲……最后一个句子提到，他已经超时五分钟。在第二句和最后一句之间应该是C：我大为吃惊，他该停的时候没停。

48．F。［解析］第三段“我”在名片后面写了个便条提醒他还有个约会，然后推开门，向他走去。接下去很自然应该是F，即把名片递给他。

49．A。［解析］第四段提到百事公司的总裁看了看名片，又看了看我，……他笑了。他笑了，说明他同意和我谈话，故接下去应该是A。

50．D。［解析］第五段第二个句子提到，他所给“我”的也是“我”最珍视的，就是他鼓励“我”继续按照“我”做过的做法去做。“我”做过的做法就是有胆量打断一个总裁的演讲，故接下去应该是D，是总裁对“我”鼓励的具体内容。

Achilles' heel

在猜测过程中，会发现空格处的句子极可能与前面的句子形成顺接或转接的关系，同时也引导下句，即，在段落中起到承上启下的作用。读题后我们发现，填充处既可以是对前文的转折，又和后文呼应，做到使文章前后连贯。故我们在选择时应该灵活分辨句际间的关系，将可能发生的情况考虑周全。