阅读理解分析（B） 如何攻克“态度题”？

阅读理解分析（B） 如何攻克“态度题”？

解题思路

态度题要求考生在阅读过程中注意体会和揣测作者的观点、意图和态度。这种信息有时是直接表述的，但更多的是间接流露出来的。态度题主要包括两种类型：

1．作者态度题（表明作者的好恶），常见的问题形式有：

What is the tone (mood) of the passage?

The author's attitude towards... might be summarized as (seems to be)________.

The author is most critical of________.

In this passage the author's attitude toward... could best be described as________.

What is the author's attitude toward________.

The author probably feels that________.

The author appears to feel that________.

In this passage the author looks on... with an attitude of________.

2．作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的观点），常见的问题形式有：

According to the author,________.

In the author's opinion,________.

What is the author's opinion (idea) about________?

The author's main thought is that________.

Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing...?

The author uses the example of... to show that________.

作者的这种主观情感和态度往往与全文的主旨和要点相关联。故应在掌握主题和主旨的基础上，揣测作者的观点、意图和态度。

对于解答态度题，一些表示作者态度的词汇就显得尤为重要，以下是一部分表示作者态度的词语：

篇幅有限，笔者无法在此列出所有词汇，建议考生在日常的阅读练习中进行总结。

［温馨提示］

有些词汇结合具体的语境会表示不同的态度。

考生要学会根据语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。此外，考试题型不断出现新的变化，提问不仅仅局限于作者的态度，可能会发展到文中某人对于某事的态度。选项也不再是单纯的肯定或否定词，带有程度限制的词比较客观，常常是正确选项，如reserved（保留的），tempered（适中的），guarded（慎重的）等。另外，作者写了文章，就表示对这一内容感兴趣，其态度就不可能是漠不关心的，故选项中若含有indifferent和uninterested之类的词可以优先排除。

真题回放

Political Spins

Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" (大胆放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics—with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新闻) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度).

The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller, said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio sound bite (演讲中的句子或短语) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.

Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight-Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth-whether it's in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.

But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website Fact Check. Org, calls "spin" just a polite word for deception (欺骗).

I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin. said Jackson.

Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong. (2008)

34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are________.

A. attractive

B. impressive

C. deceptive

D. informative

34．C［解析］此题根据原文Brooks Jackson的话中deception以及I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin就可推断出Brooks Jackson认为所有的“campaign slogans”都是欺骗性的，C项符合题意，故选C。

Achilles' heel

... (Paragraphs 4 & 5) But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website Fact Check. Org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception (欺骗)".

I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin. said Jackson. (2008年)

34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are________.

A. attractive

B. impressive

C. deceptive

D. informative

［典型错误］此题有的考生很容易误选A、B或D。

［错因分析］在解决态度题时，考生往往容易犯三个方面的错误。

（1）受到干扰项的影响。综观历届职称英语阅读理解试题，在考查考生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的（如positive，support，useful，interesting，admiring等），要么是否定、批评、贬义性的（如disgust，critical，negative，disappointment等），而又以否定、贬义居多。故此类题型中的中性词（如indifferent，ambivalent，neutral，disinterested，impassive）一般均为干扰项。考生应在对比选项时，优先排除干扰项。

（2）粗略浏览题干，没有区分题干是考查作者的态度还是文中其他人的态度，抑或是是作者引用别人的态度。

（3）有些考生会把自己主观的态度带入其中。

［正确答案］C。

［归纳拓展］此题根据原文Brooks Jackson的话中deception以及I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin 就可推断出Brooks Jackson认为所有的campaign slogans都是欺骗性的，C项符合题意。但是一部分考生会主观地认为选举的政见应该是吸引人的（A）、让人印象深刻的（B）或者是信息丰富的（D），从而根据自己的主观态度选择这三项。故在解答态度题时，考生要注意不要受到自己主观因素的影响。