阅读判断分析 实战演练 五

（五）Smoking

Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low-tar tobaccos are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Nicotine is poisonous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. Filters and low-tar tobaccos make smoking safe.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

［答案解析］

1．B。［解析］题干大意：很容易判断抽烟对健康是否有害。文章的第一句提到：自1939年以来进行了许多次研究，其目的都是为了判断抽烟对健康是否有害。从这句话可以看出判断抽烟对健康是否有害并不容易，而且也没有确定抽烟对身体就是有危害。故答案选B。

2．A。［解析］题干大意：抽烟会缩短人们的预期寿命。第一段最后一句提到：抽烟与人的预期寿命缩短有关。由此能够看出题干所述与原文信息一致，故答案选A。

3．A。［解析］题干大意：抽烟有可能诱发肺癌。文章的第二段第一句提到抽烟与肺癌的关系，认为抽烟与肺癌有关系，还跟身体的其他器官患上癌症有关，由此可见题干所述与原文一致，故答案选A。

4．C。［解析］题干大意：证据表明抽烟诱发乳腺癌。文章中并未提及有关乳腺癌也是抽烟诱发的相关信息。故答案选C。

5．B。［解析］题干大意：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率小于女性烟民死于心脏病的比率。文章没有直接比较男性烟民和女性烟民死于心脏病的比率，文章提到：据认为女性烟民并不把烟吸得很深，因此烟对她们的影响小于男性烟民。从中可以推断出的是：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率高于女性烟民死于心脏病的比率。因此该题的命题是错误的。故答案选B。

6．A。［解析］题干大意：尼古丁是有毒的。文章第三段第三句提到：尼古丁是有毒的。由此可以判断题干所述与原文一致，故答案选A。

7．B。［解析］题干大意：有了过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草，抽烟是安全的。文章的最后一段提到：据称，过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草在某种程度上使抽烟变得较为安全，但是它们只是略微减少危害而不是消除危害，由此判断题干所述与原文不一致，因此该题的命题是错误的，故答案选B。