演讲MP3+双语文稿:一个建筑师对美墨边境墙的颠覆性重构
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:一个建筑师对美墨边境墙的颠覆性重构，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Ronald Rael
建筑师罗纳德-雷尔（Ronald Rael）在科罗拉多州南部荒凉的高山山谷的独特成长环境中，将建筑作为一种文化事业，进行绘画、建造、写作、3D打印和教学，并深受其影响。
【演讲主题】一个建筑师对美墨边境墙的颠覆性重构
An architect's subversive reimagining of the US-Mexico border wall
【中英文字幕】
翻译者Bruce Sung 校对者Keying Chen
00:13
Isn't it fascinating how the simple act of drawing a line on the map can transform the way we see and experience the world? And how those spaces in between lines, borders, become places. They become places where language and food and music and people of different cultures rub up against each other in beautiful and sometimes violent and occasionally really ridiculous ways. And those lines drawn on a map can actually create scars in the landscape, and they can create scars in our memories.
简单地在地图上画 一条线，便能改变我们 体验和看待这个世界的方式， 这不是很有意思吗？ 那些线、那些边界之间的空间， 成了一个个地区。 在这些地区里，不同文化的 语言、食物，音乐和人， 以美丽的、时而带暴力的， 甚至是偶尔极荒谬的方式互动。 而画在地图上的线， 不仅形成景观上的疤痕， 也能在记忆中留下疮疤。
00:49
My interest in borders came about when I was searching for an architecture of the borderlands. And I was working on several projects along the US-Mexico border, designing buildings made out of mud taken right from the ground. And I also work on projects that you might say immigrated to this landscape. "Prada Marfa," a land-art sculpture that crosses the border between art and architecture, and it demonstrated to me that architecture could communicate ideas that are much more politically and culturally complex, that architecture could be satirical and serious at the same time and it could speak to the disparities between wealth and poverty and what's local and what's foreign.
我在找寻边境地区建筑的时候， 开始对边界感到兴趣。 当时我正在美墨边境做几个项目， 设计泥土造的建筑。 我也参与了一些可以说是 迁徙到那片土地上的项目。 ＂马尔法的普拉达＂， 这个土地艺术雕塑 穿越了艺术与建筑的边界， 它让我明白建筑也能传达 很复杂的政治文化理念， 而且建筑可以同时具有 讽刺性而又严肃， 它可以展现贫富差距， 也能显现什么是本地、 什么是外来的。
01:31
And so in my search for an architecture of the borderlands, I began to wonder, is the wall architecture? I began to document my thoughts and visits to the wall by creating a series of souvenirs to remind us of the time when we built a wall and what a crazy idea that was. I created border games,
因此，当我找寻边境地区建筑时， 我也开始质疑： 边境墙算是建筑吗？ 我创作了一系列的纪念品， 以此记录我在边境墙实地勘察的想法， 借以提醒大家关注墙的兴建， 以及建墙这主意是多么疯狂。 我创造了边境游戏、
01:58
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:00
postcards, snow globes with little architectural models inside of them, and maps that told the story of resilience at the wall and sought for ways that design could bring to light the problems that the border wall was creating.
明信片、 里头有小建筑模型的雪花球、 还有讲述这堵墙的顽强事迹的地图， 我寻思要如何设计才能减轻 边墙所带来的问题。
02:19
So, is the wall architecture? Well, it certainly is a design structure, and it's designed at a research facility called FenceLab, where they would load vehicles with 10,000 pounds and ram them into the wall at 40 miles an hour to test the wall's impermeability. But there was also counter-research going on on the other side, the design of portable drawbridges that you could bring right up to the wall and allow vehicles to drive right over.
那么，边界墙算是建筑吗？ 它肯定是一个设计结构， 由一个叫＂FenceLab＂ 的研究单位设计， 在那儿，他们开载重10,000 磅的车， 以 40 英里时速撞墙 以此来测试墙的抗穿透性。 但另一边也有人做对应的研究， 设计便携式吊桥， 你可以把它带到墙边架起， 从墙上开车过去。
02:45
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:47
And like with all research projects, there are successes and there are failures.
如同所有的研究项目，有的成功 有的失败。
02:51
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:53
But it's these medieval reactions to the wall -- drawbridges, for example -- that are because the wall itself is an arcane, medieval form of architecture. It's an overly simplistic response to a complex set of issues. And a number of medieval technologies have sprung up along the wall: catapults that launch bales of marijuana over the wall
但这些中世纪的方法— — 例如吊桥— — 是因为墙本身就是一种 神秘的中世纪建筑形式。 这是对于一系列复杂的问题 所做出过于简单的回应。 还有另一些中世纪的技术 沿着墙壁如雨后春笋般涌现： 例如用投射机将 整袋大麻抛过围墙，
03:17
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:18
or cannons that shoot packets of cocaine and heroin over the wall. Now during medieval times, diseased, dead bodies were sometimes catapulted over walls as an early form of biological warfare, and it's speculated that today, humans are being propelled over the wall as a form of immigration. A ridiculous idea. But the only person ever known to be documented to have launched over the wall from Mexico to the United States was in fact a US citizen, who was given permission to human-cannonball over the wall, 200 feet, so long as he carried his passport in hand
或用大炮将可卡因 和海洛因包裹射过去。 在中世纪时期， 有时会将病死的尸体投射过城墙， 这是生物战的早期形式； 时至今日也有传言， 说有人以被抛过墙的方式来移民。 真是荒谬的主意。 但仅有一人被从墨西哥抛进美国 且正式记录在案的 其实是美国公民， 并且他事先申请了人肉炮弹表演的许可， 飞越 200 英呎， 条件是他必须带着护照。
04:01
(Laughter)
（笑声）
04:03
and he landed safely in a net on the other side. And my thoughts are inspired by a quote by the architect Hassan Fathy, who said, "Architects do not design walls, but the spaces between them." So while I do not think that architects should be designing walls, I do think it's important and urgent that they should be paying attention to those spaces in between. They should be designing for the places and the people, the landscapes that the wall endangers.
他成功降落在另一边的网子上。 建筑师哈桑·法西的话对我很有启发。 他说： ＂建筑师不设计墙壁， 设计的是墙壁之间的空间。＂ 因此我不认为建筑师 应该去设计墙壁， 我认为更重要、更急迫的是 他们该着眼于墙与墙间的空间。 他们应该为那些 受了那堵墙危害的地方、 人、和风景来做设计。
04:35
Now, people are already rising to this occasion, and while the purpose of the wall is to keep people apart and away, it's actually bringing people together in some really remarkable ways, holding social events like binational yoga classes along the border, to bring people together across the divide.
现在，人们已经站出来。 虽然墙的目的是将人分开， 它反而以非凡的方式， 将人凝聚在一起。 他们举办社交活动，像是 沿着边界的跨国瑜伽课， 将被分隔的人带到了一起。
04:57
And have you ever heard of "wall y ball"?
你们有没有听说过＂墙球＂？
05:00
(Laughter)
（笑声）
05:01
It's a borderland version of volleyball, and it's been played since 1979
这是一个边境版的排球， 早自 1979 年便有人……
05:07
(Laughter)
（笑声）
05:09
along the US-Mexico border to celebrate binational heritage. And it raises some interesting questions, right? Is such a game even legal? Does hitting a ball back and forth over the wall constitute illegal trade?
沿着美墨边境玩， 来庆祝两国的传承。 这引发了一些有趣的问题，对吗？ 这样的游戏究竟合不合法？ 在墙头上将球打过来打过去， 是否构成非法贸易？
05:22
(Laughter)
（笑声）
05:24
The beauty of volleyball is that it transforms the wall into nothing more than a line in the sand negotiated by the minds and bodies and spirits of players on both sides. And I think it's exactly these kinds of two-sided negotiations that are needed to bring down walls that divide.
排球的美，在于它将墙 化为沙子上的一条线， 由双方球员的思想、 身体和精神协商而来。 而且我认为要撤掉这堵分裂的墙， 所需要的正是这种双边协商。
05:45
Now, throwing the ball over the wall is one thing, but throwing rocks over the wall has caused damage to Border Patrol vehicles and have injured Border Patrol agents, and the response from the US side has been drastic. Border Patrol agents have fired through the wall, killing people throwing rocks on the Mexican side. And another response by Border Patrol agents is to erect baseball backstops to protect themselves and their vehicles. And these backstops became a permanent feature in the construction of new walls. And I began to wonder if, like volleyball, maybe baseball should be a permanent feature at the border, and walls could start opening up, allowing communities to come across and play, and if they hit a home run, maybe a Border Patrol agent would pick up the ball and throw it back over to the other side.
扔球过去是一回事， 把石头扔过围墙又是另一回事。 石头砸坏了边境巡逻车， 伤到了边巡人员， 也引发了美方的激烈反应。 边巡人员朝围墙另一边开了枪， 打死了墨西哥方面扔石头的人。 边巡人员的另一种回应， 是竖立起棒球场那种挡球网 来保护人员和车辆。 在建造新墙的时候， 挡球网已经成了标准设施。 我开始想：和排球一样， 也许棒球应该是边境的标准设施， 边墙可以开始开放， 让附近社区一起来玩。 如果打了个全垒打， 或许边巡人员会帮忙捡起球， 扔回墙的另一边。
06:40
A Border Patrol agent buys a raspado, a frozen treat, from a vendor just a couple feet away, food and money is exchanged through the wall, an entirely normal event made illegal by that line drawn on a map and a couple millimeters of steel. And this scene reminded me of a saying: "If you have more than you need, you should build longer tables and not higher walls." So I created this souvenir to remember the moment that we could share food and conversation across the divide. A swing allows one to enter and swing over to the other side until gravity deports them back to their own country.
在这里边巡人员向几英呎外的小贩 购买墨西哥冰沙， 食物和钱穿过墙交换， 一件完全正常的事， 但被地图上的一条线 及几毫米厚的钢材划定为非法。 这一幕让我想起了一句话： “如果你有多的， 应该要摆更大的客桌， 而不是筑更高的墙。” 所以我做了这个纪念品， 来纪念我们可以跨越藩篱 分享食物和对话的那一刻。 这个秋千让人进去，荡到另一边， 直到重力将他遣返原居国。
07:21
The border and the border wall is thought of as a sort of political theater today, so perhaps we should invite audiences to that theater, to a binational theater where people can come together with performers, musicians. Maybe the wall is nothing more than an enormous instrument, the world's largest xylophone, and we could play down this wall with weapons of mass percussion.
现在的边界和边界墙 被当作政治剧场看待， 也许我们应该邀请观众到那个剧院， 一个两国剧院，人们可以 和表演者、音乐家聚在一起。 也许这墙不过是一个巨大的乐器， 世界上最大的木琴，而我们 可以用大规模打击性乐器 来打下这堵墙。
07:48
(Laughter)
（笑声）
07:51
When I envisioned this binational library, I wanted to imagine a space where one could share books and information and knowledge across a divide, where the wall was nothing more than a bookshelf. And perhaps the best way to illustrate the mutual relationship that we have with Mexico and the United States is by imagining a teeter-totter, where the actions on one side had a direct consequence on what happens on the other side, because you see, the border itself is both a symbolic and literal fulcrum for US-Mexico relations, and building walls between neighbors severs those relationships.
当我构想这座两国图书馆， 我想像一个人们可以共享 书籍、信息和知识， 跨越鸿沟的地方， 那里面墙只不过是个书架。 也许墨西哥和美国间的相互关系 最好的说明方式 是想像一个跷跷板： 一方的行动， 会直接影响到另一方。 因为，你看，边界本身 是一个美墨关系上的支点， 而在邻居之间建墙 就切断了那些关系。
08:30
You probably remember this quote, "Good fences make good neighbors." It's often thought of as the moral of Robert Frost's poem "Mending Wall." But the poem is really about questioning the need for building walls at all. It's really a poem about mending human relationships. My favorite line is the first one: "Something there is that doesn't love a wall." Because if there's one thing that's clear to me -- there are not two sides defined by a wall. This is one landscape, divided. On one side, it might look like this. A man is mowing his lawn while the wall is looming in his backyard.
你可能还记得这句话： ＂有好围墙，才有好邻居。＂ 它常被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特的 诗《修补墙》的寓意。 但这首诗其实是在 质疑需不需要建墙。 事实上它是一首关于 修补人际关系的诗。 我最喜欢第一句： ＂有个东西不爱墙。＂ 因为我很清楚—— 不存在被墙界定出的不同两面。 它不过是被墙割裂的同一景观。 在一边，它可能看起来像这样： 一个人在割草，有片墙 紧傍着他的后院。
09:07
And on the other side, it might look like this. The wall is the fourth wall of someone's house. But the reality is that the wall is cutting through people's lives. It is cutting through our private property, our public lands, our Native American lands, our cities, a university, our neighborhoods.
在另一边，它可能 看起来像这样： 那片墙是某人房子 四面墙壁中的一面。 但现实情况是墙正在 切割人们的生活。 它切过我们的私人财产、 我们的公共土地、 我们美洲原住民的土地、 我们的城市、 一所大学、 我们的社区。
09:29
And I couldn't help but wonder what it would be like if the wall cut through a house. Remember those disparities between wealth and poverty? On the right is the average size of a house in El Paso, Texas, and on the left is the average size of a house in Juarez. And here, the wall cuts directly through the kitchen table. And here, the wall cuts through the bed in the bedroom. Because I wanted to communicate how the wall is not only dividing places, it's dividing people, it's dividing families. And the unfortunate politics of the wall is today, it is dividing children from their parents.
我很想知道 墙穿过房子是什怎样的情景？ 还记得那些贫富的差距吗？ 右边是美国德州 埃尔帕索的房子平均大小， 而左边是墨西哥 华雷斯的房子平均尺寸。 在这里，墙壁直接切过厨房的桌子。 在这里，墙壁穿过卧室里的床。 因为我想要传达的是： 墙不仅仅分隔了地域， 它也分隔了人，分隔了家庭。 今日不幸的边界墙政治 让小孩与父母分离。
10:05
You might be familiar with this well-known traffic sign. It was designed by graphic designer John Hood, a Native American war veteran working for the California Department of Transportation. And he was tasked with creating a sign to warn motorists of immigrants who were stranded alongside the highway and who might attempt to run across the road. Hood related the plight of the immigrant today to that of the Navajo during the Long Walk. And this is really a brilliant piece of design activism. And he was very careful in thinking about using a little girl with pigtails, for example, because he thought that's who motorists might empathize with the most, and he used the silhouette of the civil rights leader Cesar Chavez to create the head of the father.
你可能熟悉这个有名的交通标志。 由平面设计师约翰·胡德设计， 他是美洲原住民、退伍军人， 在加州交通运输部工作。 他被指派设计一个 标志，用以提醒驾驶人 在高速公路边的移民者 可能冒险横越马路。 今天的移民的困境， 让胡德联想到 纳瓦霍印第安人 被迫迁徙的血泪史。 这真是一件行动主义 的设计精彩作品。 他非常细心地思考， 例如采用扎马尾辫的小女孩， 因为那可能更容易 让驾驶人产生同情； 他也采用了民权领袖 西萨·查维斯的剪影 作为那个父亲的头像。
10:54
I wanted to build upon the brilliance of this sign to call attention to the problem of child separation at the border, and I made one very simple move. I turned the families to face each other. And in the last few weeks, I've had the opportunity to bring that sign back to the highway to tell a story, the story of the relationships that we should be mending and a reminder that we should be designing a reunited states and not a divided states.
我想继续延伸这个标志的光彩， 来唤起大家注意在边境 儿童与父母被分离这个问题。 我做了一个非常简单的改动， 让这家人面对面。 过去几周里， 我把那个标志带回高速公路 去讲故事， 讲我们应该修补关系的故事， 并提醒大家我们应该去设计 一个团结的国家， 而不是分裂的国家。
11:22
Thank you.
谢谢。
11:23
(Applause)
（掌声）
