演讲MP3+双语文稿:一种检测心脏病的救生设备

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听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:一种检测心脏病的救生设备，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲人及介绍】AklashManoj

阿卡什·马诺奇, 印度国家杰出成就儿童奖金奖获得者，无声心脏病发作检测技术开发者

【演讲主题】一种检测无声心脏病发作的救生设备

【演讲文稿-中英文】

Translated by Emily Xu Reviewed by Lisa Qin

00:12

When I was 13, I lost my grandfather to asilent heart attack. What happened to be more shocking was that at 75, grandpawas really normal, healthy and energetic, but he was diabetic. Learning all ofthis was so painful that I decided to go out on a war against this deadlykiller and see what could be done.

当我13岁时，我的祖父由于隐性心脏病突然去世。令人更加感叹的是那天他75岁, 我的祖父非常正常、健康、充满活力, 但他患有糖尿病。理解这一切对我来说很痛苦，于是我决心和这个致命的疾病一战，看看能做到什么。

00:38

It was shocking to discover the results ofrecent studies that have shown an estimate of nearly eight million people whodie from heart attacks every year. Heart attacks occur for many reasons, butmost often, they occur when arteries get clogged, blood flow is cut off andoxygen-starved cells in the heart muscles start to die.

最近的研究揭露一个惊人的数据，即将近800万人每年死于心脏病。心脏病发病原因很多，但在通常情况下，大部分原因是动脉堵塞，血流受阻，心肌缺氧的细胞开始死亡。

01:02

You may know the common symptoms of a heartattack: chest pain, arm pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, et cetera ... butthere is a type of heart attack that is quite common, just as deadly, butharder to detect because the symptoms are silent. People having silent heartattacks just don't realize what's happening, so they're not seeking medicalattention, which means they're less likely to receive the treatment that theyneed at the critical moment. And even if they do get to the hospital by chance,either before or after they are struck by a heart attack, they might have to gothrough one or more of these time-consuming, expensive tests and treatments,which are currently considered the gold standards of heart-attack diagnosis.

你或许知道心脏病的几个常见症状：胸痛，胳膊痛，呼吸短促，疲劳等。但有一种心脏病非常常见，同样致命，但更难检测，因为症状是隐性的。患有隐形心脏病的人意识不到正在发生什么，所以他们不会要求医疗看护，这就意味着在关键的时刻他们不大可能得到所需的治疗。即使他们刚好去了医院，不管是犯病之前还是之后，他们也许要经历不止一次的测验和治疗，费时且昂贵，而这样的做法被看作是心脏病诊断的黄金标准。

01:57

The greater concern, however, is that thesesilent heart attacks account for nearly 45 percent of all heart attacks.Patients with diabetes and similar disorders suffer from nerve damage thatprevents them from feeling the sort of pain that usually signals to someonethat he or she may be having a heart attack. Which means they suffer the damageof a heart attack without even knowing or feeling anything. These alreadyat-risk patients suffer from nerve damage, and they do not get immediatemedical care. They do not know anything before an unlikely event is about tooccur. My grandfather was an at-risk patient, too.

然而，更令人担忧的是，所有心脏病中 45%是隐性心脏病。患有糖尿病和相似失调疾病的患者神经严重受损，导致痛觉不灵敏，而这些痛觉是信号提醒人们可能性的心脏病发作。这意味着当心脏病发作时，他们甚至无法察觉。这些高危病人神经受损，不能得到及时的医疗护理。在这样的小概率事件发生前，他们一无所知。我的祖父也是高危病人。

02:48

I probed this issue further -- read as muchas I could to understand the heart, met researchers and worked across labs inIndia. And finally, after three long years of persistent research, what I haveto share with the world today is a promising solution. A noninvasive devicethat is inexpensive, portable, wearable by at-risk patients at all times. Itgreatly reduces the need for a blood test and works 24/7, collecting andanalyzing data at preset intervals. And all this data is collected for a singlepurpose: detecting heart attacks as they occur. This is a very promisingsolution that might help us in the future.

我进一步研究这个问题——阅读大量资料了解心脏，与研究者会面并在印度各地实验室工作。最后，持续研究三年后，我要在今天分享一个有前途的解决方案。一个无创设备，不贵，易携带，高危病人可以一直佩戴。它大大减少了验血的需要，全天候工作，在预设间隔时段收集分析数据。收集这些数据只有一个目的：在心脏病发作时及时检测。这个设备大有希望，可以在未来帮助我们。

03:41

You may not know how intelligent your heartreally is. It tries to communicate to your body multiple times before failing,by indicating symptoms like chest pain. These symptoms are triggered when theheart loses out on oxygen-rich blood flow. But remember I told you about thenerve damage. It silences these symptoms before a silent heart attack, whichmakes it even deadlier. And you may not even know the common symptoms.Meanwhile, the heart also sends out certain biomarkers -- cardiac biomarkers orproteins that are SOS messages -- in the form of SOS messages -- into yourbloodstream, indicating that the heart is at risk. As it gets riskier andriskier, the concentrations of these cardiac biomarker proteins keep increasingabysmally. My device solely relies on this data. The key is that these cardiacbiomarkers are found in one of the earliest stages of a heart attack, whensomeone is almost sure to survive if he or she gets prompt care. And my deviceis solely based on that basis.

你也许不知道心脏有多聪明。它在停止工作前会和身体多次交流，比如显示胸痛等的症状。这些症状的诱因是心脏得不到氧气充足的血流。但还记得我说过的神经受损吗。它会使隐性心脏病的症状不被察觉，从而使心脏病更加致命。你或许甚至都不知道这些典型症状. 同时，心脏也会发送一些生物标记——心脏生物标记或者蛋白质是求救信号——以求救信号的形式——进入血液，提醒心脏处于危险之中. 随着风险上升，这些心血管标记物蛋白的浓度会保持不正常的增长。我的设备单纯依靠数据。关键是在心脏病初期发现这些心血管标记物, 在这个阶段如果病人得到及时治疗，非常有可能存活。我的设备仅以此为基础。

05:04

And here's how my device works. A siliconpatch is worn around your wrist or placed near your chest. Without having toprick your skin for a biomarker blood test, this patch can spot, isolate andtrack a heart-attack specific biomarker called H-FABP, and alerts you if andwhen it reaches a critical level in your bloodstream -- a process that's muchsimpler, easier and cheaper than conventional methods of heart-attackdiagnosis. By checking on biomarker concentration data, a system like this,with advanced research in the future, could significantly reduce the need foran at-risk patient to go to a doctor for a biomarker blood test, because thedevice could be worn at all times, sensing biomarker elevations in real time.Thus, if the device senses the biomarker levels going beyond the criticalpoint, the at-risk patient could be warned of an impending cardiac arrest andthat he or she needs immediate medical attention.

下面介绍设备如何工作。硅片穿戴在手腕附近或者放在胸部附近。不用刺穿皮肤进行标记物血检，这个硅片可以发现、分离并追踪心脏病特有的标记物，即H-FABP，并会当标记物在血液中达到临界水平时警告——这个过程比心脏病传统诊断方法更简单、简便，低成本。通过检查标记物浓度数据，辅以进一步的研究这样的系统，可以大幅减少高危病人进行标记物血检的需求，因为该设备可以一直穿戴，实时检测标记物升高。因此，如果设备检测到标记物水平接近临界，高危病人会收到心脏停搏预警并需要及时的医疗措施。

06:16

Although the device may not be able toprovide the patient with the complete analysis of the cardiac injury, it mightbe of immense help in actually indicating that the patient is in danger, sothat the patient can be alarmed and know that immediate care is crucial.

尽管该措施也许不能为病人提供心脏损伤的完整分析，它或许可以极大帮助判断病人是否于处危险，这样病人可以得到警示知道必须立即采取措施。

06:35

Every at-risk patient will now receive moretime to survive and reach out for medical help. Consequently, they don't haveto go for expensive and invasive medical treatments that would otherwise benecessary after a heart attack.

每一个高危病人将会得到更多时间保住生命并得到医疗帮助。最终，他们不需要接受昂贵且激进的疗法，而这样的治疗在心脏病发作后有必要进行。

06:52

When I got my device tested on at-riskpatients under observation, results from the clinical validation testscertified close to a 96 percent accuracy and sensitivity. I intend to make mydevice available to people in two variants: one which gives digital analysis ofthe biomarker levels and a simpler version for the people in rural areas whichsimply vibrates when the biomarker levels go beyond the critical point.

我观察了设备在高危病人身上的测试，临床验证结果证明了近96%的准确性和灵敏度。我想让人们获得两种版本的设备：一种能够提供标记物水平的数字分析，另一种是针对农村居民的简易版，当水平超过临界点时设备就会震动。

07:20

When we look at our progress in cardiachealth care today, it is more of sick care than preventative self-care andtechnology. We literally wait for the heart attack to occur and put our vastmajority of resources into post-care treatment. But by then, irreversibledamage will already be done. I firmly believe it's time for us to rethinkmedicine. We must establish proactive health-care technologies. A change mustbe brought out not 10 years from now, not five years from now, but today. Andso, hopefully, one day, with the help of these devices, someone else won't losehis or her grandfather just like I did.

当今，我们观察心脏医疗方面的进步时，较多的是疾病护理而非预防性的自我护理和技术。我们实际上在等心脏病发作，并把大量资源放在护理后的治疗上。但到那时，不可逆的伤害已经造成。我坚信是时候重新思考药物了。我们必须建立积极主动的医疗技术。改变必须发生，不是十年内，不是五年内，而是今天。所以，希望有一天，有了这些设备的帮助，别人不会像我这样失去祖父。

08:02

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

08:03

(Applause)

（掌声）