演讲MP3+双语文稿:科幻故事如何促成太空飞行
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:科幻故事如何促成太空飞行，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人及介绍】AlexMacDonald
亚历山大·麦克唐纳，TED研究员和美国宇航局经济学家。
【演讲主题】几个世纪的科幻如何促成太空飞行
【演讲文稿-中英文】
翻译 zoe chan 校对 psjmz mz
00:12
I want to tell you a story about stories.And I want to tell you this story because I think we need to remember thatsometimes the stories we tell each other are more than just tales orentertainment or narratives. They're also vehicles for sowing inspiration andideas across our societies and across time. The story I'm about to tell you isabout how one of the most advanced technological achievements of the modern erahas its roots in stories, and how some of the most important transformationsyet to come might also.
今天我想讲一个关于小说的故事。我之所以想分享这个故事是因为我认为我们需要记住，有时我们向别人讲述的故事并不仅仅是传说，或只为博君一笑或为了记叙的故事。它们也承载着我们传播跨越社会和时间的奇思妙想。今天我讲的故事是关于一个现代的最高先进的科技成就是如何起源于一个小说故事，以及一些最重要的，还未发生的变革为何也是如此。
00:50
The story begins over 300 years ago, whenGalileo Galilei first learned of the recent Dutch invention that took twopieces of shaped glass and put them in a long tube and thereby extended humansight farther than ever before. When Galileo turned his new telescope to theheavens and to the Moon in particular, he discovered something incredible.These are pages from Galileo's book "Sidereus Nuncius," published in1610. And in them, he revealed to the world what he had discovered. And what hediscovered was that the Moon was not just a celestial object wandering acrossthe night sky, but rather, it was a world, a world with high, sunlit mountainsand dark "mare," the Latin word for seas. And once this new world andthe Moon had been discovered, people immediately began to think about how totravel there. And just as importantly, they began to write stories about howthat might happen and what those voyages might be like.
这个故事发生在三百多年前，在伽利略初次了解到一个当时最新的荷兰发明的时候，这个发明是将两片打磨过的玻璃放入一个长管道里，并且从此将人类视野延伸到从未有过的远度。当伽利略将他新发明的望远镜对向天际并且特别对准月亮时，他得到了惊人的发现。这些内容来源于伽利略1610年出版的《星际信使》。他在这本书里向世界揭示了他的发现。他发现月球不仅仅是一个在夜空中游荡的天体，而是一个拥有阳光照射的高山和深邃的海洋的世界。这个新世界和月亮的大门一旦开启，人们立即开始思考如何到月球旅行。同样重要的是，他们开始着手撰写关于如何实现月球旅行以及航行细节的小说故事。
01:55
One of the first people to do so wasactually the Bishop of Hereford, a man named Francis Godwin. Godwin wrote astory about a Spanish explorer, Domingo Gonsales, who ended up marooned on theisland of St. Helena in the middle of the Atlantic, and there, in an effort toget home, developed a machine, an invention, to harness the power of the localwild geese to allow him to fly -- and eventually to embark on a voyage to theMoon. Godwin's book, "The Man in the Moone, or a Discourse of a VoyageThither," was only published posthumously and anonymously in 1638, likelyon account of the number of controversial ideas that it contained, including anendorsement of the Copernican view of the universe that put the Sun at thecenter of the Solar System, as well as a pre-Newtonian concept of gravity thathad the idea that the weight of an object would decrease with increasingdistance from Earth. And that's to say nothing of his idea of a goose machinethat could go to the Moon.
实际上赫里福德主教是最早一批开始做这些事的人之一，他的真实名字是弗朗西斯·戈德温。戈德温写了一个关于西班牙探险家多明戈·冈萨雷斯的故事，他被困在大西洋中间一个叫做圣赫勒拿的岛上，而他为了回到家乡，发明了一个机器，这个机器可以驾驭当地的野生大雁载着他飞行——并最终开启了一段前往月球的行程。戈德温写的《月中人或论月球之旅》在他死后的1638年才被匿名出版，这极有可能是因为书中包含着饱受争议的观点，包括对哥白尼日心说宇宙观的支持，以及在牛顿之前提出的万有引力概念，即一个物体的重量随着与地球距离增加而减少。他的大雁飞行器想法也就是说说而已，肯定是无法到月球的。
02:53
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:54
And while this idea of a voyage to the Moonby goose machine might not seem particularly insightful or technically creativeto us today, what's important is that Godwin described getting to the Moon notby a dream or by magic, as Johannes Kepler had written about, but rather,through human invention. And it was this idea that we could build machines thatcould travel into the heavens, that would plant its seed in minds across thegenerations.
尽管这个利用大雁飞向月球的想法在今天看来并无远见，技术上也没有创意，但重要的是戈德温描述的不是通过做梦或像开普勒写的那样通过魔法实现登月，而是通过人类发明实现。正是我们能够建造可以遨游天际的飞行器这一思想在世世代代的人心中播下了种子。
03:22
The idea was next taken up by hiscontemporary, John Wilkins, then just a young student at Oxford, but later, oneof the founders of the Royal Society. John Wilkins took the idea of spacetravel in Godwin's text seriously and wrote not just another story but anonfiction philosophical treatise, entitled, "Discovery of the New Worldin the Moon, or, a Discourse Tending to Prove that 'tis Probable There May BeAnother Habitable World in that Planet." And note, by the way, that word"habitable." That idea in itself would have been a powerful incentivefor people thinking about how to build machines that could go there. In hisbooks, Wilkins seriously considered a number of technical methods forspaceflight, and it remains to this day the earliest known nonfiction accountof how we might travel to the Moon.
接着，同时代的约翰·威尔金斯继承了戈德温的思想，当时他只是一名来自牛津大学的年轻学生，但后来，他成为了英国皇家学会的创始人之一。约翰·威尔金斯认真汲取了戈德温书中太空旅行的观点，并在此基础上完成了另一个故事。这是一篇非虚构类哲学类专著，题目是《新世界的发现，或一种倾向于证明那颗行星上可能有可居住的世界的论述》。注意“可居住”这个词。这个想法本身就能强烈激励人们思考怎样建造通往那里的机器。在书中，威尔金斯严谨地考虑了几种太空飞行的技术方法，这是已知最早的非虚构类的关于我们如何登月的说明。
【碍于字符限制，讲稿无法全部呈现。剩余字幕较长，建议大家：点击播放界面上的“词”按钮就能看到同步的完整版中英文字幕哦~】
