演讲MP3+双语文稿:我们都应该成为女权主义者

听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:我们都应该成为女权主义者，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

奇玛曼达·恩戈齐·阿迪契(Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie)的小说和故事受到尼日利亚历史和悲剧的启发，几乎被近几代西方人遗忘，是散居文学皇冠上的宝石。

【演讲主题】我们都应该成为女权主义者

【中英文字幕】

翻译者 Wei Wu校对者 Jiawei Ni

00:12

So I would like to start by telling you about one of my greatest friends, Okoloma Maduewesi. Okoloma lived on my street and looked after me like a big brother. If I liked a boy, I would ask Okoloma's opinion. Okoloma died in the notorious Sosoliso plane crash in Nigeria in December of 2005. Almost exactly seven years ago. Okoloma was a person I could argue with, laugh with and truly talk to. He was also the first person to call me a feminist.

今天我打算从一个我最好的朋友开始讲起， 他叫 Okoloma Maduewesi。 Okoloma 跟我住一个街区像大哥哥一样照顾我。 像是暗恋这样的事情我都会问Okoloma的意见。 Okoloma死于尼日利亚Sosoliso空难时间是2005年12月。 差不多已经快七年了。 我跟Okoloma无话不谈，毫无保留。 他也是第一个称我为“女权主义者”的人。

00:47

I was about fourteen, we were at his house, arguing. Both of us bristling with half bit knowledge from books that we had read. I don't remember what this particular argument was about, but I remember that as I argued and argued, Okoloma looked at me and said, "You know, you're a feminist." It was not a compliment.

当时我才14岁，在他的家里争论某些话题。 当时我们因为对书中知识的理解不同而争的面红耳赤。 我已经忘记当时争论的是什么了， 但是我记得吵着吵着， Okoloma看着我说： “你知道嘛？你是个女权主义者。” 这可不是在夸奖我。

01:07

(Laughter)

（笑声）

01:08

I could tell from his tone, the same tone that you would use to say something like, "You're a supporter of terrorism."

我来形容一下他的语气， 大概类似于现在这个时代说 “你支持者恐怖主义”一样。

01:14

(Laughter)

（笑声）

01:17

I did not know exactly what this word "feminist" meant, and I did not want Okoloma to know that I did not know. So I brushed it aside, and I continued to argue. And the first thing I planned to do when I got home was to look up the word "feminist" in the dictionary.

我当时不知道女权主义者是什么意思， 我更不想让Okoloma发现我不知道。 所以我当时没接这个话茬， 继续争论之前的话题。 当我回到家的第一件事情就是去字典里查“女权主义者”是什么意思。

01:32

Now fast forward to some years later, I wrote a novel about a man who among other things beats his wife and whose story doesn't end very well. While I was promoting the novel in Nigeria, a journalist, a nice, well-meaning man, told me he wanted to advise me. And for the Nigerians here, I'm sure we're all familiar with how quick our people are to give unsolicited advice. He told me that people were saying that my novel was feminist and his advice to me -- and he was shaking his head sadly as he spoke -- was that I should never call myself a feminist because feminists are women who are unhappy because they cannot find husbands.

时间快进到若干年后， 我写了一本书，情节包含了一个男人打自己的老婆然后（他的）下场不是很好。 当我在尼日利亚为小说进行宣传时， 一个记者，一位善良好心的男人， 告诉我他希望给我一点建议。 我想在座的尼日利亚人一定都非常熟悉我们的同胞是多么急切地要提供建议。 他告诉我说人们觉得我的小说是女权主义的 并且他建议我—— 当他说的时候悲伤的摇着头—— 我应该再也不要提及自己是女权主义者因为女权主义者都是一些不开心的女人因为她们找不到丈夫。

02:16

(Laughter)

（笑声）

02:21

So I decided to call myself "a happy feminist." Then an academic, a Nigerian woman told me that feminism was not our culture and that feminism wasn't African, and that I was calling myself a feminist because I had been corrupted by "Western books." Which amused me, because a lot of my early readings were decidedly unfeminist. I think I must have read every single Mills & Boon romance published before I was sixteen. And each time I tried to read those books called "the feminist classics," I'd get bored, and I really struggled to finish them. But anyway, since feminism was un-African, I decided that I would now call myself "a happy African feminist." At some point I was a happy African feminist who does not hate men and who likes lip gloss and who wears high heels for herself but not for men.

所以我开始称自己为 “快乐的女权主义者” 后来一位学者，一位尼日利亚的女性告诉我女权主义不是我们文化的一部分， 女权主义也不是非洲的， 我之所以自称女权主义者是因为我看了太多“西方的书”。 这个说法让我觉得很有趣， 因为我早年阅读的那些书百分百跟女权主义无关。 我想我一定是在我16岁之前就已经通读了Mills & Boon 出版的所有书籍每当我打算阅读那些书那些”女权主义经典“ 我都会觉得很无聊，很难看下去。 但是不管怎样，既然女权主义不是非洲的， 我决定称自己为 “快乐的非洲女权主义者” 现在我变成了一个不讨厌男人的快乐的非洲女权主义者喜欢涂润唇膏根据自己而不是男人的喜好来穿高跟鞋。

03:08

(Laughter)

（笑声）

03:09

Of course a lot of this was tongue-in-cheek, but that word feminist is so heavy with baggage, negative baggage. You hate men, you hate bras, you hate African culture, that sort of thing.

当然我刚才很多话都是半开玩笑的， 但是“女权主义者”这个词带着很多负面的历史包袱。 你厌恶男人，你厌恶文胸， 你厌恶非洲文化，如此种种。

03:22

Now here's a story from my childhood. When I was in primary school, my teacher said at the beginning of term that she would give the class a test and whoever got the highest score would be the class monitor. Now, class monitor was a big deal. If you were a class monitor, you got to write down the names of noisemakers --

我要讲一个我小时候的故事。 当我上小学的时候， 我的老师说在开学时会有一场考试考试分数最高的人将当上班长。 各位，当班长可是件大事。 一旦你当上了班长， 你就有权把捣蛋的小朋友记下来

03:41

(Laughter)

（笑声）

03:43

which was having enough power of its own. But my teacher would also give you a cane to hold in your hand while you walk around and patrol the class for noisemakers. Now, of course you were not actually allowed to use the cane. But it was an exciting prospect for the nine-year-old me. I very much wanted to be the class monitor. And I got the highest score on the test. Then, to my surprise, my teacher said that the monitor had to be a boy. She had forgotten to make that clear earlier because she assumed it was ... obvious.

这个权力可是很大的哦。 而且我的老师还会拿根教鞭交给班长在班级里巡逻揪出捣蛋鬼的时候攥在手里当然，使用教鞭打人是被禁止的。 对于9岁的我来说太激动人心了我非常想当上班长。 而且我也顺利考到了第一名。 然后我非常惊讶的听老师说， 班长必须是男孩。 她在考试前忘记澄清了因为她觉得这是很……自然的。

04:16

(Laughter)

（笑声）

04:18

A boy had the second highest score on the test, and he would be monitor. Now, what was even more interesting about this is that the boy was a sweet, gentle soul who had no interest in patrolling the class with the cane, while I was full of ambition to do so. But I was female and he was male, and so he became the class monitor. And I've never forgotten that incident.

第二名是个男孩， 他被提名当班长。 有意思的是这个男孩很温和腼腆， 并没有兴趣拿着教鞭在教室巡逻， 而我则非常渴望能这么做。 但是我是女孩他是男孩， 所以他当上了班长。 这件事情我一辈子都不会忘。

04:46

I often make the mistake of thinking that something that is obvious to me is just as obvious to everyone else. Now, take my dear friend Louis for example. Louis is a brilliant, progressive man, and we would have conversations and he would tell me, "I don't know what you mean by things being different or harder for women. Maybe in the past, but not now." And I didn't understand how Louis could not see what seems so self-evident. Then one evening, in Lagos, Louis and I went out with friends. And for people here who are not familiar with Lagos, there's that wonderful Lagos' fixture, the sprinkling of energetic men who hang around outside establishments and very dramatically "help" you park your car. I was impressed with the particular theatrics of the man who found us a parking spot that evening. And so as we were leaving, I decided to leave him a tip. I opened my bag, put my hand inside my bag, brought out my money that I had earned from doing my work, and I gave it to the man. And he, this man who was very grateful and very happy, took the money from me, looked across at Louis and said, "Thank you, sir!"

我经常犯的一个思维的误区是我觉得对我而言非常明显的道理对别人也是自然而然的。 让我以我的好朋友 Louis 举个例子。 Louis是一个聪明有上进心的男人， 当我们聊天的时候他时常跟我说， “我不知道你为什么老说女人做起事情更加困难” “过去或许是，但是现在已经不同了。” 我不理解Louis怎么会看不到如此明显的事实。 有天晚上，我跟Louis在拉各斯市 （尼日利亚首都）跟朋友聚会。 各位可能不太熟悉拉各斯市， 这个城市的标志性组成之一， 就是散布在各个建筑外的精力充沛的男人举止非常夸张地“帮助”你泊车。 我那天对于帮助我们找到停车位的 那个男人的行为表现非常满意。 所以当我从车上下来之后我决定给小费。 我打开我的包， 把我的手伸进我的包， 拿出我的钱， 然后给了那个男人。 这个男人非常地感激和开心， 从我手里拿到了钱， （却）把目光投向Louis 说道，“谢谢您，先生！”

05:57

(Laughter)

（笑声）

06:03

Louis looked at me, surprised, and asked, "Why is he thanking me? I didn't give him the money." Then I saw realization dawn on Louis' face. The man believed that whatever money I had had ultimately come from Louis. Because Louis is a man.

Louis很惊讶的看着我， 问，“为什么他要感谢我？ 又不是我给他的钱。” 然后我看到Louis恍然大悟的表情。 那个男人相信我手里的钱最终都是来自于身边的男人Louis的。 就因为Louis是男的。

06:24

Men and women are different. We have different hormones, we have different sexual organs, we have different biological abilities. Women can have babies, men can't. At least not yet.

男人和女人是不同的。 我们有不同的荷尔蒙， 有不同的性器官， 在生理能力上也各有千秋。 女人可以生孩子，男人不行。 至少现在不行。

06:36

(Laughter)

（笑声）

06:37

Men have testosterone and are in general physically stronger than women. There's slightly more women than men in the world, about 52 percent of the world's population is female. But most of the positions of power and prestige are occupied by men. The late Kenyan Nobel Peace laureate, Wangari Maathai, put it simply and well when she said: "The higher you go, the fewer women there are." In the recent US elections we kept hearing of the Lilly Ledbetter law, and if we go beyond the nicely alliterative name of that law, it was really about a man and a woman doing the same job, being equally qualified, and the man being paid more because he's a man.

男人有睾丸酮，身体比女人更强壮有力。 女人的数量比男人稍多一些， 全球大概52%是女性。 但是男人攫取了绝大部分权力和威望。 那位肯尼亚诺贝尔和平奖得主 Wangari Waathai， 她阐述的非常明确： “当你爬的越高，你发现女人越少。” 在最近的（2016年）美国大选中 Lilly Ledbetter 法案经常被提到， 这个法案的名字虽然好玩， 但是进一步了解你会发现这实际上是说一个男人和女人如果工作内容和产出都相同， 那么男人会拿到更多的薪酬， 仅仅因为他是男人。

07:20

So in the literal way, men rule the world, and this made sense a thousand years ago because human beings lived then in a world in which physical strength was the most important attribute for survival. The physically stronger person was more likely to lead, and men, in general, are physically stronger. Of course there are many exceptions.

所以，男人真的掌控着世界， 而且数千年前这样是合理的， 因为人类生存的环境， 当务之急是在恶劣环境中求生存。 身体强壮的人更可能做首领， 而男人身体普遍更强壮。 当然也有很多男人很虚。

07:43

(Laughter)

（笑声）

07:45

But today we live in a vastly different world. The person more likely to lead is not the physically stronger person; it is the more creative person, the more intelligent person, the more innovative person, and there are no hormones for those attributes. A man is as likely as a woman to be intelligent, to be creative, to be innovative. We have evolved; but it seems to me that our ideas of gender had not evolved.

但是今天我们生活在完全不同的世界。 现在成为首领的要素， 已经不再是身体强壮， 而是要求有创造力，更加睿智， 更加有创新精神的人， 这些特质都不受荷尔蒙的支配。 在智力上男人女人没有什么差异， 在创新和创造能力上也是如此。 我们在进化； 但是看起来我们的性别观忘记进化了。

08:13

Some weeks ago, I walked into a lobby of one of the best Nigerian hotels. I thought about naming the hotel, but I thought I probably shouldn't. And a guard at the entrance stopped me and asked me annoying questions, because their automatic assumption is that a Nigerian female walking into a hotel alone is a sex worker. And by the way, why do these hotels focus on the ostensible supply rather than the demand for sex workers? In Lagos I cannot go alone into many "reputable" bars and clubs. They just don't let you in if you're a woman alone, you have to be accompanied by a man. Each time I walk into a Nigerian restaurant with a man, the waiter greets the man and ignores me. The waiters are products --

几周前，我走进一个酒店大厅，那是尼日利亚最好的酒店之一。 我在想要不要点出酒店的名字， 但是在这里我想还是算了。 酒店门口的保安拦住了我， 问些让人恼火的问题， 因为他们理所当然的以为， 单独走进酒店的当地女性，一定是妓女。 而且顺带一问， 为什么这些酒店在乎表面的服务对于性工作者的需求却视而不见？ 拉各斯很多有“名望”的酒吧和俱乐部， 我一个人是进不去的。 他们不允许女人单独进入， 你要进去就必须有男人陪着。 每次我带着一个男人进入尼日利亚的餐馆， 服务生总是招呼男人，忽略我。 这些服务生是产品——

08:59

(Laughter)

（笑声）

09:01

At this some women felt like, "Yes! I thought that!" The waiters are products of a society that has taught them that men are more important than women. And I know that waiters don't intend any harm. But it's one thing to know intellectually and quite another to feel it emotionally. Each time they ignore me, I feel invisible. I feel upset. I want to tell them that I am just as human as the man, that I'm just as worthy of acknowledgment. These are little things, but sometimes it's the little things that sting the most.

这时一些女人的反应是， “没错！我想也是！” 这些服务生是社会的产物社会教育他们男人比女人重要。 我也知道服务生无意冒犯我。 但是理性分析是一回事， 感觉和情绪是另一回事。 每次我被人忽略，我感到被无视了。 我感到沮丧。 我想告诉他们我也是人，跟男人一样， 我也理应被认可。 这些都是小事， 但有时恰恰是小事最能刺痛你。

09:33

And not long ago, I wrote an article about what it means to be young and female in Lagos, and the printers told me, "It was so angry." Of course it was angry!

不久之前，我写了篇文章 描述在拉各斯生活的年轻女性要面对什么， 后来印刷商跟我说， “文章怒气满满啊。” 当然很有怒气了！

09:44

(Laughter)

（笑声）

09:48

I am angry. Gender as it functions today is a grave injustice. We should all be angry. Anger has a long history of bringing about positive change; but, in addition to being angry, I'm also hopeful. Because I believe deeply in the ability of human beings to make and remake themselves for the better.

我很生气。 性别在今天依然存在着严重的歧视。 我们都应该感到愤怒。 历史上愤怒带来过很多积极的进步； 但是在愤怒之外我还满怀希望。 因为我深深的相信人类有种能力 我们可以不断改变让自己更好。

10:08

Gender matters everywhere in the world, but I want to focus on Nigeria and on Africa in general, because it is where I know, and because it is where my heart is. And I would like today to ask that we begin to dream about and plan for a different world, a fairer world, a world of happier men and happier women who are truer to themselves. And this is how to start: we must raise our daughters differently. We must also raise our sons differently. We do a great disservice to boys on how we raise them; we stifle the humanity of boys. We define masculinity in a very narrow way, masculinity becomes this hard, small cage and we put boys inside the cage. We teach boys to be afraid of fear. We teach boys to be afraid of weakness, of vulnerability. We teach them to mask their true selves, because they have to be, in Nigerian speak, "hard man!" In secondary school, a boy and a girl, both of them teenagers, both of them with the same amount of pocket money, would go out and then the boy would be expected always to pay, to prove his masculinity. And yet we wonder why boys are more likely to steal money from their parents.

性别问题在全世界都存在， 但是我聚焦于尼日利亚， 以及整个非洲， 这是我的故乡，我的心之所向。 今天我希望大家能够开始梦想和筹划一个不一样的世界， 这个世界更加公平， 这个世界男人和女人都更加开心和真实。 我们要从这里开始改变： 我们要改变教育我们女儿的方式。 我们要改变教育我们儿子的方式。 我们培养男孩的方式给他们 带来了极大的伤害： 我们抹掉了男孩子人性的那一面。 我们对男子气概的定义非常狭隘， 男子气概就像是一个坚硬狭小的牢笼， 我们把男孩子塞了进去。 我们让男孩子不敢坦诚自己的害怕。 我们让男孩子不敢暴露自己的脆弱。 我们让男孩子藏起真实的自己， 教他们必须成为尼日利亚人口中的“硬汉”。 在中学，相同年纪的男孩和女孩， 口袋里有同样多的零花钱， 结伴出去玩的时候，男孩默认要付钱， 这样才体现男子气概。 与此同时我们还疑惑为什么男孩喜欢从家里偷钱。

11:29

What if both boys and girls were raised not to link masculinity with money? What if the attitude was not "the boy has to pay" but rather "whoever has more should pay?" Now, of course because of that historical advantage, it is mostly men who will have more today, but if we start raising children differently, then in fifty years, in a hundred years, boys will no longer have the pressure of having to prove this masculinity. But by far the worst thing we do to males, by making them feel that they have to be hard, is that we leave them with very fragile egos. The more "hard man" the man feels compelled to be, the weaker his ego is. And then we do a much greater disservice to girls because we raise them to cater to the fragile egos of men. We teach girls to shrink themselves, to make themselves smaller, we say to girls, "You can have ambition, but not too much."

如果我们在养育男孩和女孩的时候不把男子气概和钱挂钩会这样？ 如果我们把“男孩付钱”的风俗改成 “谁钱多谁付钱”那么会不会更好？ 当然，由于历史积累的差异， 绝大部分情况下男人更有钱一些， 但是如果我们开始改变教育孩子的方式， 五十年后，一百年后， 那时男孩子将不再需要被迫证明自己的男子气概。 但是我们对于男人做的最糟糕的事情， 是让他们觉得自己必须要“硬” 却相反的让他们的内心非常脆弱。 一个男人给我的“硬汉”感觉越强烈， 他的内心就越脆弱。 我们教育女孩的方式给她们带来了极大的伤害， 因为我们教育她们去呵护男人的脆弱内心。 我们教育女孩子收敛，放低自己， 对女孩说， “有野心挺好的，但是不要太大。”

12:29

(Laughter)

（笑声）

12:31

"You should aim to be successful, but not too successful, otherwise you would threaten the man." If you are the breadwinner in your relationship with a man, you have to pretend that you're not, especially in public, otherwise you will emasculate him.

“你要努力成功，但是一点点就好，” “不要威胁到男人的地位。” 如果你比你老公更能赚钱养家， 你必须假装赚的没有老公多， 尤其是公开场合， 不然会让你的男人看着不像男人。

12:46

But what if we question the premise itself? Why should a woman's success be a threat to a man? What if we decide to simply dispose of that word, and I don't think there's an English word I dislike more than "emasculation." A Nigerian acquaintance once asked me if I was worried that men would be intimidated by me. I was not worried at all. In fact, it had not occurred to me to be worried because a man who would be intimidated by me is exactly the kind of man I would have no interest in.

但是这个前提本身我们是否质疑过呢？ 为什么一个女人事业有成就会威胁到男人了？ 为什么我们不能够直接弃用那个英语单词， 那个在英语里我最不喜欢的一个词： ”emasculation“（失去男子气概） 一位尼日利亚的朋友问我 是否担心我会吓到男人。 我一点儿也不担心。 事实上也从未担心过 因为一个可能被我（的成功）吓到的人 完全不会是我喜欢的男人类型。

13:17

(Laughter)

（笑声）

13:18

(Applause)

（掌声）

13:26

But still I was really struck by this. Because I'm female, I'm expected to aspire to marriage; I'm expected to make my life choices always keeping in mind that marriage is the most important. A marriage can be a good thing; it can be a source of joy and love and mutual support. But why do we teach girls to aspire to marriage and we don't teach boys the same?

但是这件事对我触动很大。 因为我是女性，我被要求以婚姻为重。 人们期待我每次的人生选择 都首先要考虑对婚姻可能的影响。 婚姻可以是美好的； 婚姻可以带来快乐、爱和精神支持。 但是我们在培养女孩子的婚姻观的时候， 我们有没有同样的教育男孩子婚姻观？

13:52

I know a woman who decided to sell her house because she didn't want to intimidate a man who might marry her. I know an unmarried woman in Nigeria who, when she goes to conferences, wears a wedding ring because according to her, she wants the other participants in the conference to "give her respect." I know young women who are under so much pressure from family, from friends, even from work to get married, and they're pushed to make terrible choices. A woman at a certain age who is unmarried, our society teaches her to see it as a deep, personal failure. And a man at a certain age who is unmarried, we just think he hasn't come around to making his pick.

我认识的一个女人卖掉了自己的房子 因为她不希望让打算娶她的男人感到困扰。 我认识一位尼日利亚的女性，每次出去开会， 都要戴一枚戒指 因为她说， 她希望其他参会人员“尊重她”。 我知道年轻女人的压力有多大亲朋好友都逼着她结婚， 有些在这样的压力下做了糟糕的选择。 一个女人到了一定年龄还没嫁出去， 舆论会让她觉得这是极大的个人失败。 一个男人到了一定年龄还没有结婚， 我们会说他仅仅是还没有遇到合适的。

14:34

(Laughter)

（笑声）

14:36

It's easy for us to say, "Oh, but women can just say no to all of this." But the reality is more difficult and more complex. We're all social beings. We internalize ideas from our socialization. Even the language we use in talking about marriage and relationships illustrates this. The language of marriage is often the language of ownership rather than the language of partnership. We use the word "respect" to mean something a woman shows a man but often not something a man shows a woman.

我们很容易这么说， “哦，但是女人可以说不呀。” 但是现实要复杂和困难的多。 我们都是社会的一份子。 我们内在的想法来自我们所处的社会。 甚至我们谈论婚姻时 我们的语言都会对我们有影响。 我们的语言描述婚姻更像是一种所有关系， 而不是一种对等的伙伴关系。 我们使用“尊重”一词 来更多的描述女人对男人的态度 而不是男人对女人的态度。

15:08

Both men and women in Nigeria will say -- this is an expression I'm very amused by -- "I did it for peace in my marriage." Now, when men say it, it is usually about something that they should not be doing anyway.

尼日利亚的男人和女人都会说—— 这是我非常着迷的一个现象—— “我做这个是为了维持这个家。” 当男人这么说的时候， 通常是指那些他们本来就不应该做的事情。

15:21

(Laughter)

（笑声）

15:23

Sometimes they say it to their friends, it's something to say to their friends in a kind of fondly exasperated way, you know, something that ultimately proves how masculine they are, how needed, how loved. "Oh, my wife said I can't go to the club every night, so for peace in my marriage, I do it only on weekends."

有时男人会跟朋友说， 有时男人会对他的朋友用一种 深情又有点恼怒的口气， 你知道就是那种最能够体现 他们男子气概的方式 充满了爱和体贴。 “哎呀，我妻子不让我每天晚上来俱乐部，” “所以为了这个家我只有周末来。”

15:39

(Laughter)

（笑声）

15:41

Now, when a woman says, "I did it for peace in my marriage," she's usually talking about giving up a job, a dream, a career. We teach females that in relationships, compromise is what women do. We raise girls to see each other as competitors -- not for jobs or for accomplishments, which I think can be a good thing, but for attention of men. We teach girls that they cannot be sexual beings in the way that boys are. If we have sons, we don't mind knowing about our sons' girlfriends. But our daughters' boyfriends? God forbid.

但是当一个女人说出同样这句 “我做这个是为了这个家” 她说的是放弃一份工作， 放弃梦想， 放弃事业。 我们教育妇女在为了维持婚姻， 妥协退让是女人的本分。 我们教育女孩们将对方视为竞争者—— 不是工作或成就上的竞争者， ——这种竞争我觉得很好， 而是为了吸引男人而竞争。 我们告诉女孩子不能打扮太性感 而对男孩子就无所谓。 如果我们的儿子有了女朋友，我们不会介意。 但是女儿有了男朋友？绝对不行。

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