演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何解决种族压力问题
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何解决种族压力问题，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人】Howard C. Stevenson
霍华德·史蒂文森博士的工作涉及开发与文化相关的，基于瞬间的，基于力量的措施和治疗性干预措施，向家庭和青年传授情感和种族素养。
【演讲主题】《如何解决种族压力问题》
【演讲文稿-中英文】
翻译者 Jiasi Hao 校对 Jiong Guo
There's an African proverb that goes, "The lion's story will never be known as long as the hunter is the one to tell it."
有一句非洲谚语说：“ 只要猎人能讲这个故事，就永远不会知道狮子的故事。”
More than a racial conversation, we need a racial literacy to decode the politics of racial threat in America. Key to this literacy is a forgotten truth, that the more we understand that our cultural differences represent the power to heal the centuries of racial discrimination, dehumanization and illness.
除了种族对话之外，我们还需要种族素养 来解读美国的种族威胁政治。 扫盲的关键是一个被遗忘的事实， 那 就是我们 越了解文化差异就代表了治愈数百年 来种族歧视， 非人性化和疾病的力量。
Both of my parents were African-American. My father was born in Southern Delaware, my mother, North Philadelphia, and these two places are as different from each other as east is from west, as New York City is from Montgomery, Alabama. My father's way of dealing with racial conflict was to have my brother Bryan, my sister Christy and I in church what seemed like 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
我的父母都是非洲裔美国人。 我的父亲出生在特拉华州南部， 我的母亲在北费城 出生，这两个地方彼此之间的区别就如同东部与西部一样， 纽约市与阿拉巴马州的蒙哥马利一样。 我父亲处理种族冲突的方式 是让我的兄弟Bryan，我的姐姐Christy和我上教堂 ，一周7天，一天24小时。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
If anybody bothered us because of the color of our skin, he believed that you should pray for them, knowing that God would get them back in the end.
如果有人因为我们皮肤的颜色而困扰我们， 他相信您应该为他们祈祷，因为他们 知道上帝最终会让他们回来。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
You could say that his racial-coping approach was spiritual -- for later on, one day, like Martin Luther King.
您可以说他的种族应对方法是精神的- 后来有一天 像马丁·路德·金一样。
My mother's coping approach was a little different. She was, uh, you could say, more relational -- right now, like, in your face, right now. More like Malcolm X.
我母亲的应对方法有所不同。 她，呃，你可以说，更多的关系- 现在，就像在你的脸上， 现在。 更像MalcolmX。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
She was raised from neighborhoods in which there was racial violence and segregation, where she was chased out of neighborhoods, and she exacted violence to chase others out of hers. When she came to Southern Delaware, she thought she had come to a foreign country. She didn't understand anybody, particularly the few black and brown folks who were physically deferential and verbally deferential in the presence of whites. Not my mother. When she wanted to go somewhere, she walked. She didn't care what you thought. And she pissed a lot of people off with her cultural style.
她从 种族暴力和种族隔离的 社区中长大，并被赶出社区， 并施加暴力手段将其他人 赶出自己的社区。当她来到特拉华州南部时， 她以为自己来过一个外国。 她不了解任何人， 特别是少数白人和黑人 在生理上和语言上有尊严 。 不是我妈妈 当她想去某个地方时，她走了。 她不在乎你的想法。 她的文化风格使很多人生气。
Before we get into the supermarket, she would give us the talk: "Don't ask for nothin', don't touch nothin'. Do you understand what I'm saying to you? I don't care if all the other children are climbing the walls. They're not my children. Do you understand what I'm saying to you?" In three-part harmony: "Yes, Mom." Before we'd get into the supermarket, that talk was all we needed. Now, how many of you ever got that talk? How many of you ever give that talk?
在我们进入超市之前， 她会给我们讲： “不要要什么， 别碰什么。 ”您了解我对您的意思吗？ 我不在乎其他是否孩子们正在爬墙， 他们不是我的孩子。 你明白我对你说的话吗？” 分为三个部分： “是的，妈妈。” 在我们进入超级市场之前， 我们只需要那个谈话。 现在，你们当中有多少人得到了这个演讲？ 你们当中有多少人讲那个话？
(Laughter)
（笑声）
How many of you ever give that talk today? My mother didn't give us the talk because she was worried about money or reputation or us misbehaving. We never misbehaved. We were too scared. We were in church 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
你们今天有多少人发表演讲？ 我母亲之所以没有给我们演讲，是因为她担心金钱 或名誉， 或者我们行为不当。 我们从不行为。 我们太害怕了。 我们 每周七天，每天24小时都在教堂里。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
She gave us that talk to remind us that some people in the world would interpret us as misbehaving just by being black. Not every parent has to worry about their children being misjudged because of the color of their skin, just by breathing.
她给我们的演讲是为了提醒我们 ，世界上有些人会因为 是黑人而 将我们解释为行为不端。并非每个父母都不必担心自己的孩子 仅仅因为呼吸就会因为皮肤的颜色而 被误判。
So we get into the supermarket, and people look at us -- stare at us as if we just stole something. Every now and then, a salesperson would do something or say something because they were pissed with our cultural style, and it would usually happen at the conveyor belt. And the worst thing they could do was to throw our food into the bag. And when that happened, it was on.
所以我们进入超市， 人们看着我们- 盯着我们，好像我们只是偷了东西。 有时，销售人员会 因为对我们的文化风格感到不满而 会做某事或说些什么，而这通常发生在传送带上。 他们能做的最糟糕的事情就是把我们的食物装进袋子。 当那件事发生时，它就开始了。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
My mother began to tell them who they were, who their family was, where to go, how fast to get there.
我的母亲开始告诉他们他们是 谁，家人是谁， 要去哪里， 到达那里有多快。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
If you haven't been cursed out by my mother, you haven't lived.
如果您没有被我母亲诅咒过，那么您还没有生活。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
The person would be on the floor, writhing in utter decay and decomposition, whimpering in a pool of racial shame.
这个人会 坐在 地板上，浑身腐烂和分解，浑身是种族耻辱。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
Now, both my parents were Christians. The difference is my father prayed before a racial conflict and my mother prayed after.
现在，我的父母都是基督徒。 不同之处在于，父亲在种族冲突之前 祈祷，母亲在种族冲突之后祈祷。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
There is a time, if you use both of their strategies, if you use them in the right time and the right way. But it's never a time -- there's a time for conciliation, there's a time for confrontation, but it's never a time to freeze up like a deer in the headlights, and it's never a time to lash out in heedless, thoughtless anger. The lesson in this is that when it comes to race relations, sometimes, we've got to know how to pray, think through, process, prepare. And other times, we've got to know how to push, how to do something. And I'm afraid that neither of these two skills -- preparing, pushing -- are prevalent in our society today.
如果您同时使用这两种策略， 并且在正确的时间和正确的方式使用它们，那是有时间的。 但这不是一个时间- 有一个调解的时间， 有一个对抗的时间， 但它从来没有像鹿一样在头灯下 僵化的时间，也从来没有时间在无理无虑的愤怒中扑灭。 这方面的教训是 ，在涉及种族关系时， 有时候，我们必须知道如何祈祷， 思考，过程和准备。 在其他时候，我们必须知道如何推动， 如何做某事。 而且，恐怕这两种技能- 准备， 推动- 在当今社会中都不普遍。
If you look at the neuroscience research which says that when we are racially threatened, our brains go on lockdown, and we dehumanize black and brown people. Our brains imagine that children and adults are older than they really are, larger than they really are and closer than they really are. When we're at our worst, we convince ourselves that they don't deserve affection or protection. At the Racial Empowerment Collaborative, we know that some of the scariest moments are racial encounters, some of the scariest moments that people will ever face. If you look at the police encounters that have led to some wrongful deaths of mostly Native Americans and African-Americans in this country, they've lasted about two minutes. Within 60 seconds, our brains go on lockdown. And when we're unprepared, we overreact. At best, we shut down. At worst, we shoot first and ask no questions. Imagine if we could reduce the intensity of threat within those 60 seconds and keep our brains from going on lockdown. Imagine how many children would get to come home from school or 7-Eleven without getting expelled or shot. Imagine how many mothers and fathers wouldn't have to cry.
如果您看一下神经科学研究 ， 该研究说，当我们受到种族威胁时，我们的大脑将继续处于锁定状态， 从而使黑人和棕色人丧失人性化。 我们的大脑想象孩子和成年人比他们实际年龄大，比他们实际年龄 大，比他们实际 距离近。 当我们处于最糟糕的境地时，我们使自己确信 ，他们不应该受到爱戴或保护。 在种族赋权协作组织中， 我们知道一些最可怕的时刻是种族遭遇， 这是人们将永远面对的最可怕的时刻。 如果您看一下导致一些不法死亡的警察遭遇事件 在这个国家中，大多数是美国原住民和非裔美国人， 他们持续了大约两分钟。 在60秒内， 我们的大脑将处于锁定状态。 当我们准备不足时， 我们反应过度。 充其量，我们关闭了。 最糟糕的是，我们先拍摄，不问任何问题。 想象一下，如果我们可以 在这60秒内 减少威胁的强度，并使我们的大脑不再处于锁定状态。 想象一下，有多少个孩子从学校 或7-11 回家而不被开除或开枪。 想象一下，有多少父母无需哭泣。
Racial socialization can help young people negotiate 60-second encounters, but it's going to take more than a chat. It requires a racial literacy. Now, how do parents have these conversations, and what is a racial literacy? Thank you for asking.
种族社交可以帮助年轻人协商60秒的encounter， 但这不仅仅需要聊天。 它需要种族素养。 现在，父母如何进行这些对话， 什么是种族素养？ 谢谢你的慰问。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
A racial literacy involves the ability to read, recast and resolve a racially stressful encounter. Reading involves recognizing when a racial moment happens and noticing our stress reactions to it. Recasting involves taking mindfulness and reducing my tsunami interpretation of this moment and reducing it to a mountain-climbing experience, one that is -- from impossible situation to one that is much more doable and challenging. Resolving a racially stressful encounter involves being able to make a healthy decision that is not an underreaction, where I pretend, "That didn't bother me," or an overreaction, where I exaggerate the moment.
种族素养涉及阅读， 重铸和解决种族压力大的遭遇的能力。 阅读涉及识别种族时刻， 并注意我们的压力反应。 重铸涉及 注意，减少我对这一刻的海啸解释， 并将其减少到爬山的经历， 即 从不可能的情况到更具可行性 和挑战性的一种情况。 解决种族压力大的冲突涉及 做出一个健康的决定 ，而不是反应迟钝（我装作“那没打扰我”） 或反应过度（我在此夸大这一刻）。
Now, we can teach parents and children how to read, recast and resolve using a mindfulness strategy we call: "Calculate, locate, communicate, breathe and exhale." Stay with me. "Calculate" asks, "What feeling am I having right now, and how intense is it on a scale of one to 10?" "Locate" asks, "Where in my body do I feel it?" And be specific, like the Native American girl at a Chicago fifth-grade school said to me, "I feel angry at a nine because I'm the only Native American. And I can feel it in my stomach, like a bunch of butterflies are fighting with each other, so much so that they fly up into my throat and choke me." The more detailed you can be, the easier it is to reduce that spot. "Communicate" asks, "What self-talk and what images are coming in my mind?" And if you really want help, try breathing in and exhaling slowly.
现在，我们可以教导父母和孩子如何 使用我们称为“计算，定位，交流， 呼吸和呼气” 的正念策略来阅读，重铸和解决。跟我在一起。 “计算”问， “我现在有什么感觉， 它在1到10的范围内有多强烈？” “定位”问，“我在身体上的什么地方感觉到？” 具体地说， 就像一所芝加哥五年级学校的美国原住民女孩对我说： “我对九岁的 孩子感到生气，因为我是唯一的美国原住民。我能 像一束蝴蝶一样 在我的肚子里感觉到它彼此争斗得如此之多，以至于他们飞到我的喉咙并窒息了我。” 减少该斑点越容易。 “交流”问道， “我脑海中浮现出什么样的自我对话和图像？” 如果您确实需要帮助，请尝试吸气 并缓慢呼气。
With the help of my many colleagues at the Racial Empowerment Collaborative, we use in-the-moment stress-reduction in several research and therapy projects. One project is where we use basketball to help youth manage their emotions during 60-second eruptions on the court. Another project, with the help of my colleagues Loretta and John Jemmott, we leverage the cultural style of African-American barbershops, where we train black barbers to be health educators in two areas: one, to safely reduce the sexual risk in their partner relationships; and the other, to stop retaliation violence. The cool part is the barbers use their cultural style to deliver this health education to 18- to 24-year-old men while they're cutting their hair. Another project is where we teach teachers how to read, recast and resolve stressful moments in the classroom. And a final project, in which we teach parents and their children separately to understand their racial traumas before we bring them together to problem-solve daily microaggressions.
在种族赋权协作组织的许多同事的帮助下， 我们 在多个研究和治疗项目 中采用了即时减轻压力的措施。一个项目是我们使用篮球帮助青少年 在球场上爆发60秒时 控制自己的情绪。在我的同事洛雷塔（Loretta）和约翰·杰莫特（John Jemmott）的帮助下， 我们 开展了另一个项目，我们充分利用了非裔美国人理发店的文化风格，在那里我们培训黑人理发师成为两个领域的健康教育者： 一个是安全地降低伴侣关系中的性风险; 另一个 是制止报复性暴力。 最酷的部分是理发师使用其文化风格 为18至24岁的男性 剪发 提供健康教育。另一个项目是我们教老师 如何阅读，重铸和解决教室中压力大的时刻。 这是最后一个项目，在该项目中，我们分别教父母和子女 了解他们的种族创伤， 然后再将他们聚在一起，以解决问题的日常微侵略行为。
Now, racially literate conversations with our children can be healing, but it takes practice. And I know some of you are saying, "Practice? Practice? We're talking about practice?" Yes, we are talking about practice.
现在，与我们的孩子进行有种族素养的对话可以治愈， 但需要练习。 我知道你们中有些人在说：“实践？ 实践？ 我们在谈论实践？” 是的，我们正在谈论实践。
I have two sons. My oldest, Bryan, is 26, and my youngest, Julian, is 12. And we do not have time to talk about how that happened.
我有两个儿子。 我最大的 孩子 布莱恩（Bryan）是26 岁，最小的朱利安（Julian）是12岁。我们没有时间谈论这种情况。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
But, when I think of them, they are still babies to me, and I worry every day that the world will misjudge them.
但是， 当我想到它们时， 它们仍然是我的婴儿，我 每天都担心世界会误判它们。
In August of 2013, Julian, who was eight at the time, and I were folding laundry, which in and of itself is such a rare occurrence, I should have known something strange was going to happen. On the TV were Trayvon Martin's parents, and they were crying because of the acquittal of George Zimmerman. And Julian was glued to the TV. He had a thousand questions, and I was not prepared. He wanted to know why: Why would a grown man stalk and hunt down and kill an unarmed 17-year-old boy? And I did not know what to say. The best thing that could come out of my mouth was, "Julian, sometimes in this world, there are people who look down on black and brown people and do not treat them -- and children, too -- do not treat them as human." He interpreted the whole situation as sad.
2013年8月， 当时只有八岁的朱利安（Julian）和我正在折叠洗衣店， 这种 洗衣店本身实属罕见，我应该知道会发生一些奇怪的事情。 电视上是特雷冯·马丁的父母， 由于乔治·齐默尔曼（George Zimmerman）的无罪释放，他们在哭 。 朱利安被粘在电视上。 他有上千个问题，我还没有准备好。 他想知道为什么： 为什么一个成年男子会跟踪并追捕并杀死 一个手无寸铁的17岁男孩？ 我不知道该说些什么。 我可能会说出最好的话： “朱利安，有时在这个世界上，有些人 看不起黑人和棕色人。 并且不对待他们-儿童 也不要将他们当做人类。” 他将整个情况解释为悲伤。
(Voice-over) Julian Stevenson: That's sad. "We don't care. You're not our kind."
（旁白）朱利安·史蒂文森：真可悲。 “我们不在乎。你不是我们的那种。”
HS: Yes.
HS：是的。
JS: It's like, "We're better than you."
JS：就像，“我们比你更好。”
HS: Yes.
HS：是的。
JS: "And there's nothing you can do about that. And if you scare me, or something like that, I will shoot you because I'm scared of you."
JS：“对此您无能为力。 如果您吓到我或类似的事情， 我会射击您，因为我很怕你。”
HS: Exactly. But if somebody's stalking you –
HS：是的。 但是如果有人在跟踪你-
JS: It's not the same for everyone else.
JS：其他所有人都不一样。
HS: It's not always the same, no. You've got to be careful.
HS：并不总是一样，不。你要小心点
JS: Yeah, because people can disrespect you.
JS：是的，因为人们会不尊重你。
HS: Exactly.
HS：是的。
JS: And think that you're, "You don't look -- you don't look like you're ..." It's like they're saying that "You don't look right, so I guess I have the right to disrespect you."
JS：并以为你是， “你看起来不像-你看起来不像是...” ，就像他们在说：“你看起来不对， 所以我想我有不尊重你的权利。”
HS: Yeah, and that's what we call, we call that racism.
HS：是的，这就是我们所说的 种族歧视。
And we call that racism, Julian, and yes, some people -- other people -- can wear a hoodie, and nothing happens to them. But you and Trayvon might, and that's why Daddy wants you to be safe.
我们称种族主义为朱利安（Julian）， 是的，有些人-其他人-可以穿连帽衫， 而他们什么也没发生。 但是您和Trayvon可能会这样， 这就是Daddy希望您安全的原因。
(Voice-over) HS: And that's why –
HS：这就是为什么-
JS: So you mean like, when you said "other people," you mean, like if Trayvon was a white, um, that he wouldn't be disrespected like that?
JS：所以你的意思是，当你说“其他人”时， 你的意思是，就像特雷冯是个白人， 嗯，他不会那样受人尊敬吗？
HS: Yes, Julian, Daddy meant white people when I said, "other people," all right?
HS：是的，朱利安，爸爸 在我说“其他人”时是白人。
So there was a way in which I was so awkward in the beginning, but once I started getting my rhythm and my groove, I started talking about stereotypes and issues of discrimination, and just when I was getting my groove on, Julian interrupted me.
因此，一开始我会有一种尴尬的方式， 但是一旦我开始 掌握 自己的节奏和节奏，就开始谈论刻板印象和歧视问题，而当我渐渐陷入困境时， 朱利安打断了我。
(Voice-over) HS: ... dangerous, or you're a criminal because you're black, and you're a child or a boy -- That is wrong, it doesn't matter who does it.
（旁白）HS：...很危险，或者您是犯罪分子，因为您是黑人， 而您是孩子还是男孩- 错了，谁来做都没关系。
JS: Dad, I need to stop you there.
JS：爸爸，我需要在那儿阻止你。
HS: What?
HS：什么？
JS: Remember when we were ...
JS：记得我们那时...
HS: So he interrupts me to tell me a story about when he was racially threatened at a swimming pool with a friend by two grown white men, which his mother confirmed. And I felt happy that he was able to talk about it; it felt like he was getting it.
HS：所以他打扰我给我讲一个故事， 讲述他何时在游泳池旁 被两名成年白人白人 与朋友种族威胁，他的母亲证实了这一点。 我为他能够谈论这个感到高兴。 感觉就像他得到了。
We moved from the sadness of Trayvon's parents and started talking about George Zimmerman's parents, which, I read in a magazine, condoned the stalking of Trayvon. And Julian's reaction to me was priceless. It made me feel like he was getting it.
我们摆脱了特雷冯父母的悲伤， 开始谈论乔治·齐默尔曼的父母 ，我在杂志上读到 ，这是对特雷冯的跟踪。 朱利安对我的反应是无价的。 这让我感到他在接受。
(Voice-over) JS: What did they say about him?
JS：他们怎么说他？
HS: Well, I think they basically felt that he was justified to follow and stalk –
HS：好吧，我认为他们基本上认为他有理由 跟随并跟踪-
JS: What the -- ?
JS：什么？
HS: Yeah, I think that's wrong.
HS：是的，我认为这是错误的。
JS: That's -- one minute. So they're saying he has the right to follow a black kid, get in a fight with him and shoot him?
JS：那是-一分钟。 所以他们说他有权跟随一个黑人孩子， 与他吵架并开枪射击他？
HS: As Julian was getting it, I started to lose it. Because in my mind's eye, I was thinking: What if my Julian or Bryan was Trayvon? I calculated my anger at a 10. I found, located, my right leg was shaking uncontrollably like I was running. And in my mind's eye, I could see somebody chasing Julian, and I was chasing them. And the only thing that could come out of my mouth was if anybody tries to bother my child ...
HS：当朱利安得到它时， 我开始失去它。 因为在我眼中，我在想： 如果我的朱利安或布莱恩是特雷冯，该怎么办？ 我计算出我在10点时的愤怒。 我发现，位于我的右腿 像跑步一样 无法控制地颤抖。在我的眼中，我可以看到有人在追朱利安， 而我正在追捕他们。 我唯一能说出的 就是如果有人想打扰我的孩子...
(Voice-over) HS: If anybody tries to bother my child ... mmm, mmm, mmm.
HS：如果有人想打扰我的孩子…… 嗯，嗯，嗯。
JS: What will happen?
JS：会发生什么？
HS: Well, they better run.
HS：好吧，他们跑得更好。
JS: Because what? HS: I'm gonna get 'em.
JS：因为什么？HS：我会得到他们的。
JS: See? (Laughs)
JS：看到了吗？（笑）
HS: I'm gonna get 'em. JS: Really?
HS：我会得到他们的。JS：真的吗？
HS: Oh, yeah.
HS：哦，是的。
JS: Then they're gonna get you because they might have weapons.
JS：那他们会拿到你的，因为他们可能有武器。
HS: Well, you know what, I'm gonna call police, too, like I should. But I feel like I wanna get 'em. But you can't; you're right, you can't just go chasing people.
HS：嗯，你知道吗，我也应该打电话给警察。 但是我觉得我想得到他们。 但是你不能；你是对的，你不能只是去追人。
JS: They can be armed.
JS：他们可以武装。
HS: Yeah, you right. Yeah, you right. I feel like I wanna chase 'em.
HS：是的，是的。是的，你是对的。 我觉得我想追他们。
JS: Plus they could be an army or something.
JS：加上他们可能是一支军队或其他。
HS: I know -- I feel like I wanna go get 'em, messing with my son. I don't like that.
HS：我知道-我觉得我想和他们儿子一起去弄他们。 我不喜欢
JS: Um ...
JS：嗯...
HS: But you right. You gotta be careful. And um, you gotta be careful. You never know what some crazy people will think about you. Just as long as you believe you're beautiful like Daddy believes you're beautiful and handsome, and Mommy believes you're beautiful and handsome and smart. And you deserve to be on this planet, just as happy and beautiful and smart as you want to be. You can do anything you want, baby.
HS：但是你是对的。你要小心点 嗯，你要小心。 您永远都不知道一些疯狂的人会对您有什么想法。 只要您相信自己美丽， 就像爸爸认为您美丽又英俊， 而妈妈则认为您美丽又英俊又聪明。 而您应该活在这个星球上， 就像您想要的那样幸福，美丽，聪明。 宝贝，您可以做任何您想做的事。
HS: Racial socialization is not just what parents teach their children. It's also how children respond to what their parents teach. Is my child prepared? Can they recognize when a racial elephant shows up in a room? Can they reduce their tsunami interpretation down to a mountain-climbing adventure that they can engage and not run away? Can they make a healthy and just decision in 60 seconds? Can I? Can you?
HS：种族社会化不仅仅是父母教给孩子的。 这也是孩子对父母教书的反应。 我的孩子准备好了吗？ 他们能辨认出种族大象何时出现在房间里吗？ 他们能否将对海啸的解释 减少为 可以参与而不是逃跑 的爬山冒险？他们可以在60秒内做出健康公正的决定吗？ 我可以吗？ 你是否可以？
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