演讲MP3+双语文稿:想让孩子准备好上幼儿园？我来教你
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:想让孩子准备好上幼儿园？我来教你，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人及介绍】Claudia Miner
克劳迪娅·迈诺，早期教育创新者，Waterford UPSTART的联合创始人和执行董事。
【演讲主题】想让孩子准备好上幼儿园？我来教你
【演讲文稿-中英文】
翻译者 Cong Liu 校对psjmz mz
00:00
I'm an historian. And what I love about being an historian is it gives you perspective.
我是一名历史学家。我之所以热爱这份工作，是因为历史使人明智。
00:06
Today, I'd like to bring that perspective to education in the United States. About the only thing people can agree on is that the most strategic time for a child to start learning is early. Over 50 years ago, there was a watershed moment in early education in the US called "Head Start." Now, historians love watersheds because it makes it so easy to talk about what came before and what's happened since. Before Head Start, basically nothing. With Head Start, we began to get our nation's most at-risk children ready for school.
今天，我想把这份智慧献给美国的教育事业。众所周知，儿童开始接受教育的最佳时期是学龄前。五十年以前，美国学龄前教育有一道分水岭，叫做“头脑启蒙”。历史学家喜欢分水岭。因为分水岭让我们很容易讨论它之前发生的事，和它之后的事。头脑启蒙之前，什么都没有。头脑启蒙之后，我们开始让大部分儿童都接受了学前教育。
00:43
Since Head Start, we've made strides, but there are still 2.2 million children in the US without access to early learning, or more than half of the four-year-olds in the country. That's a problem. But the bigger problem is what we know happens to those children. At-risk children who reach school without basic skills are 25 percent more likely to drop out, 40 percent more likely to become teen parents and 60 percent less likely to go to college.
从头脑启蒙开始，我们取得了巨大的进步。但在美国仍然有220万儿童，也就是说，有超过一半的四岁儿童，无缘学龄前教育。这是个问题。但更大的问题是这些孩子们的前途。如果孩子们在进入校园之前，缺乏基本技能，那么他们中途辍学的可能性增加25%，青春期结婚生子的可能性增加40%,上大学的可能性下降60%。
01:15
So if we know how important early education is, why aren't all children getting it? There are barriers that the solutions we've come up with to date simply can't overcome. Geography: think rural and remote. Transportation: think working parents everywhere. Parent choice: no state requires a four-year-old to go to school. And cost: the average cost for a state to educate a preschooler is five thousand dollars a year.
那么既然我们知道学龄前教育的重要性，有什么理由不让所有孩子都享受到学龄前教育？我们今天提出的解决方案并不完美，并不能一劳永逸地解决所有问题。地理问题：想一想农村和偏远地区。交通问题：想一想四处奔波的父母。父母的态度：法律没有规定四岁孩子必须上学。金钱成本：一个州学龄前教育的成本，平均是每人每年五千美金。
01:47
So am I just going to keep talking about problems? No. Today, I want to tell you about a cost-effective, technology-delivered, kindergarten-readiness program that can be done in the home. It's called UPSTART, and more than 60,000 preschoolers in the US have already used it.
那么我只会不断讲问题吗？不会的。今天，我想告诉大家一种高性价比的学前教育，一种以科技为媒介、足不出户的教育模式。它叫做“伊始”。在美国，已有超过六万名学龄前儿童 接受了这样的教育方式。
02:07
Now, I know what you might be thinking: here's another person throwing tech at a national problem. And you'd be partially right. We develop early learning software designed to individualize instruction, so children can learn at their own pace. To do that, we rely on experts from fields ranging from reading to sociology to brain science development to all aspects of early learning, to tell us what the software should do and look like.
此刻，你们也许会想：“又是一个想用科技解决国家教育问题的人”。你们只说对了一半。 我们为早教软件设计了个性化教学功能，让孩子们可以按照自己的节奏来学习。为此，我们召集了来自各行各业的专家，他们来自从阅读学到社会学，从脑科学到早教的全体学科，一起为这款软件的功能样式出谋划策。
02:59
UPSTART puts parents in charge of their children's education. We believe, with the right support, all parents can get their children ready for school.
“伊始”让父母能够掌控孩子的教育。我们坚信，只要我们伸出援手，所有的父母都可以让子女获得学前教育。
03:11
Here's how it works. This is the kindergarten readiness checklist from a state. And almost every state has one. We go to parents wherever they are, and we conduct a key in-person group training. And we tell them the software can check every reading, math and science box, but they're going to be responsible for motor skills and self-help skills, and together, we're going to work on social emotional learning.
这是它的运作机理。这是某个州的幼儿园入学技能检查表。几乎每个州都有一张这种表。不论父母身在何处，我们都派人去拜访。我们为其进行面对面小组培训。我们会告诉他们，这款软件可以检查所有的阅读、数学和科学作业。但是他们要负责运动技能和自理能力。最后由我们和父母一起培养孩子的社会情感学习能力。
03:38
Now, we know this is working because we have a 90-percent completion rate for the program. Last year, that translated into 13,500 children "graduating," with diplomas, from UPSTART. And the results have been amazing. We have an external evaluation that shows our children have two to three times the learning gains as children who don't participate in the program. We have a random control trial that shows strong evidence of effectiveness, and we even have a longitudinal study that shows our children's gains last into third and fourth grade, the highest grades the children had achieved at the time. Those are academic gains. But another study has shown that our children's social emotional gains are equal to those of children attending public and private preschool.
目前，我们知道这有效果，因为这个项目的完成率是百分之九十。去年，一万三千五百名儿童收获了“伊始”的毕业证书。教育的效果好极了。我们的另外一项调查显示，我们这里孩子学知识的速度，是其他孩子的两到三倍。我们有随机对照试验，确保了实验有效。我们甚至进行了长期跟踪调查，发现孩子们收获的技能一直持续到三到四年级，他们的成绩是同龄人中顶尖的。这些都是学术成就。但另一项研究发现，我们训练过的孩子们与公立和私立学前班的孩子相比，在社交情绪收益方面是持平的。
04:32
Now, there are skeptics about UPSTART. Some people don't believe young children should have screen time. To them, we say: UPSTART's usage requirement of 15 minutes a day, five days a week, is well within the hour-a-day recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for four-year-olds. Some people believe only site-based preschool can work, and to them, we say: site-based preschool is great, but if you can't get a child there or if a parent won't send a child there, isn't a technology-delivered, results-based option a great alternative? And we love working with site-based preschools. Right now, there are 800 children in Mississippi going to Head Start during the day and doing UPSTART at night with their families.
有些人对“伊始”持怀疑态度。一些人觉得小孩子不应该接触电子屏幕。我们是这样回应的： 孩子们每周五天，每天花15分钟使用“伊始”，这完全符合美国儿科学会对4岁儿童每天使用电子厂品不超过一小时的建议。还有些人只相信实体幼儿园。我们是这样回应的：虽然实体幼儿园的效果极佳，但是对于不能或者不愿意把孩子送到实体幼儿园的父母，科学、务实的"伊始“，难道不是一个绝佳的解决方案吗？同时我们也乐意与实体幼儿园合作。目前，在密西西比州有800名孩子白天去上头脑启蒙学校，晚上和家人一起接受”伊始“教育。
05:25
Our audacious idea is to take UPSTART across the country -- not to replace anything; we want to serve children who otherwise would not have access to early education. We have the guts to take on the skeptics, we have the energy to do the work, and we have a plan. It is the role of the states to educate their children. So first we will use philanthropy dollars to go into a state to pilot the program and get data. Every state believes it's unique and wants to know that the program will work with its children before investing. Then we identify key leaders in the state to help us champion UPSTART as an option for unserved children. And together, we go to state legislatures to transition UPSTART from philanthropy to sustainable and scalable state funding. That plan has worked --
我们的宏愿是让”伊始“ 遍布整个美国——不是做教育的替代品，而是让原本无缘接受早教的孩子接受早教。我们有勇气面对流言蜚语，有能力去开展工作，也有完整的计划。教育孩子们是州政府的责任。 所以我们首先用慈善基金，督促州政府推广”伊始“，获取数据。每个州政府都认为自己的情况特殊，要先确认项目对当地孩子有帮助，之后才会对我们投资。 之后我们会找到州政府有关领导帮我们推广”伊始“，旨在帮助无法接触早教的孩子。我们会一起向州立法机构申请把”伊始“由慈善机构转变为平稳运行、规模化的州立基金。这个计划已经成功了。
06:27
(Applause)
（掌声）
06:30
Thanks. Thank you.
谢谢。谢谢你们。
06:33
That plan has worked in three states to date: Utah, Indiana and South Carolina. We've also piloted the program in a number of states and identified champions. Next, we're moving to states with the greatest geographic barriers to work the plan, and then on to states that already have early education but may not be getting great academic results or great parent buy-in to participate. From there, we go to the states that are going to require the most data and work to convince, and we'll hope our momentum helps turn the tide there. We will serve a quarter of a million children in five years, and we will ensure that states continue to offer UPSTART to their children.
到目前为止，此计划已经在三个州获得了成功：犹他州，印第安纳州和南卡罗来纳州。我们也在一些州进行了试点，获得了认可。接下来，我们会去地理位置恶劣的州来推广我们的计划。然后会去已经有早教项目但是效果有待加强的州，或者邀请一些对我们项目认可的家长来参与。接下来，我们会去需要大量的数据和工作来说服的州，我们希望用实际效果让他们回心转意。我们预计在五年内服务25万名儿童。我们始终确保在各地提供“伊始”。
07:18
Here's how you can help: for two thousand dollars, we can provide a child with UPSTART, a computer and internet, and that child will be part of the pilot that makes certain other children get UPSTART in the future. We also need engaged citizens to go to their government and say just how easy it can be to get children ready for school. You wouldn't be here if you weren't an engaged citizen, so we're asking for your help.
我们需要捐款：只要两千美金，就可以为一名儿童提供电脑、网络和“伊始”教育。在这个孩子长大以后，将会帮助更多的孩子得到“伊始”教育。我们也需要热心市民游说各地政府， 让孩子们接受早教一点都不难。在座的应该都是热心市民，不然大家就不会来了，所以我恳求大家的帮助。
07:49
Now, will all of us this make UPSTART a watershed moment in early education? I believe together we can make it one. But I can tell you without a doubt that UPSTART is a watershed moment in the life of a child who otherwise would not be ready for school.
那么，我们大家能不能让“伊始”成为早教的分水岭？我相信只要我们团结一致就能做到。但是我可以负责任的说：对于原本得不到学前教育的孩子们，”伊始“无疑是他们人生的分水岭。
08:08
Thank you.
谢谢大家
08:09
(Applause)
（掌声）
