演讲MP3+双语文稿:还存在歧视性的新闻标题？带你游戏通关解锁其中的种族主义
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:还存在歧视性的新闻标题？带你游戏通关解锁其中的种族主义，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人及介绍】Baratunde Thurston
瑟斯顿,一位获得艾美奖提名的作家、活动家和喜剧演员。
【演讲主题】还存在歧视性的新闻标题？带你游戏通关解锁其中的种族主义
【演讲文稿-中英文】
翻译者 Wanna Shi 校对 Ava Liu
00:00
My parents gave me an extraordinary name: Baratunde Rafiq Thurston. Now, Baratunde is based on a Yoruba name from Nigeria, but we're not Nigerian.
我的父母给我取了一个特别的名字： 巴拉顿·拉菲克·瑟斯顿，巴拉顿是尼日利亚籍约鲁巴人的名字，但我们不是尼日利亚人。
00:16
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:17
That's just how black my mama was.
我妈妈就是这么黑。
00:19
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:20
"Get this boy the blackest name possible. What does the book say?"
“给这个男孩取个最黑的名字吧！书上是怎么说的？”
00:23
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:24
Rafiq is an Arabic name, but we are not Arabs. My mom just wanted me to have difficulty boarding planes in the 21st century.
拉菲克是阿拉伯名字，但我们不是阿拉伯人。我妈就是不想让我在21世纪好好坐飞机。
00:33
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:34
She foresaw America's turn toward nativism. She was a black futurist.
她预料到了美国会奉行本土主义，她是一位黑人预言家。
00:38
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:40
Thurston is a British name, but we are not British. Shoutout to the multigenerational, dehumanizing economic institution of American chattel slavery, though. Also, Thurston makes for a great Starbucks name. Really expedites the process.
瑟斯顿是英国姓氏，但我们不是英国人。而瑟斯顿这个姓隔空致敬了美国奴隶制中世代延续的、没人性的经济制度。此外，瑟斯顿很适合星巴克员工。这真的推动了历史进程。
00:55
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:59
My mother was a renaissance woman. Arnita Lorraine Thurston was a computer programmer, former domestic worker, survivor of sexual assault, an artist and an activist. She prepared me for this world with lessons in black history, in martial arts, in urban farming, and then she sent me in the seventh grade to the private Sidwell Friends School, where US presidents send their daughters, and where she sent me looking like this.
我母亲是一位多才多艺的女性。她叫阿尼塔·罗琳·瑟斯顿，她曾是一位电脑程序员、一位家政人员、一位性侵幸存者、一位艺术家、一位活动家。为了让我适应这个世界，她教我黑人历史、武术、城市农业，七年级时，她又送我去私立学校西德威尔友谊中学就读，美国总统的女儿们也在这里上学，而她把我送进去时，我是这样子的。
01:29
(Laughter)
（笑声）
01:32
I had two key tasks going to that school: don't lose your blackness and don't lose your glasses. This accomplished both.
我在这里上学有两个主要任务：黑皮肤不能丢、眼镜不能丢。两个任务都圆满完成。
01:39
(Laughter)
（笑声）
01:43
Sidwell was a great place to learn the arts and the sciences, but also the art of living amongst whiteness. That would prepare me for life later at Harvard, or doing corporate consulting, or for my jobs at "The Daily Show" and "The Onion." I would write down many of these lessons in my memoir, "How to Be Black," which if you haven't read yet, makes you a racist, because
西德威尔友谊中学是学习艺术和科学的好地方，也是在白人堆里学习生存之艺术的好地方。为我后来在哈佛生活做好了准备，为我做企业咨询做好了准备，为我在“每日秀”和“洋葱报”工作做好了准备。在回忆录《如何做一名黑人》中，我记录了许多这方面的经验。如果你还没读过这本书，那就是种族歧视，
02:04
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:05
you've had plenty of time to read the book.
因为你有大把的时间去读这本书。
02:11
But America insists on reminding me and teaching me what it means to be black in America.
但是美国一次又一次地提醒我、教会我：在美国做一名黑人意味着什么。
02:19
It's December 2018, I'm with my fiancé in the suburbs of Wisconsin. We are visiting her parents, both of whom are white, which makes her white. That's how it works. I don't make the rules.
2018年12月，我和未婚妻在威斯康星州的郊区。我们去看望她的父母，两位都是白人，所以我未婚妻也是个白人。就是这么简单，规则不是我编的。
02:31
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:32
She's had some drinks, so I drive us in her parents' car, and we get pulled over by the police. I'm scared. I turn on the flashing lights to indicate compliance. I pull over slowly under the brightest streetlight I can find in case I need witnesses or dashcam footage. We get out my identification, the car registration, lay it out in the open, roll down the windows, my hands are placed on the steering wheel, all before the officer exits the vehicle. This is how to stay alive. As we wait, I think about these headlines -- "Police shoot another unarmed black person" -- and I don't want to join them.
因为她喝了点酒，所以我负责开她父母的车，警察示意我们靠边停车。我好害怕。我打开双闪，表示服从指令。我慢慢地靠边停车，停在我所能找到的最亮的街灯下，以防我需要目击证人或者要看行车记录仪里的视频。我们拿出了我的身份证和车辆登记表，我把文件都摊开， 并摇下了车窗，把双手放在方向盘上，一直到这位警官离开。这样才能保命。等待的过程中， 我想起一些新闻标题：“警察又射杀了一名手无寸铁的黑人”，我可不想成为下一个。
03:19
The good news is, our officer was friendly. She told us our tags were expired. So, to all the white parents out there, if your child is involved with a person whose skin tone is rated Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson or darker --
还好这位警官很友善。她告诉我们车检标识过期了。我想对所有的白人父母说：如果你们的孩子与黑人走得很近，就是肤色跟巨石强森一样黑或者比他还黑的黑人。
03:33
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:35
you need to get that car inspected, update the paperwork every time we visit. That's just common courtesy.
那你们就要好好做车检，每次我们来访前及时更新车辆文件。这是起码的礼貌。
03:40
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:41
(Applause)
（掌声）
03:45
I got lucky. I got a law enforcement professional. I survived something that should not require survival. And I think about this series of stories -- "Police shoot another unarmed black person" -- and that season when those stories popped up everywhere. I would scroll through my feed and I would see a baby announcement photo. I'd see an ad for a product I had just whispered to a friend about yesterday. I would see a video of a police officer gunning down someone who looked just like me. And I'd see a think piece about how millennials have replaced sex with avocado toast.
我算是个幸运儿。因为我的职业就是执法。我从白人看来平常的事情中幸存下来。我就此想到了一大堆报道：“警察又射杀了一名手无寸铁的黑人”，那段时间，这样的报道随处可见。就在我翻看社交平台的时候，我看到一张婴儿出生公告，我看到一个商品广告，这个商品昨天刚跟朋友私下聊过。我看到一个视频：一位警官枪杀了一名像我一样的黑人。我还看到一篇时事短评，关于千禧一代如何用鳄梨（牛油果）吐司取代性。
04:25
(Laughter)
（笑声）
04:26
It was a confusing time. Those stories kept popping up, but in 2018, those stories got changed out for a different type of story, stories like, "White Woman Calls Cops On Black Woman Waiting For An Uber." That was Brooklyn Becky. Then there was, "White Woman Calls Police On Eight-Year-Old Black Girl Selling Water." That was Permit Patty. Then there was, "Woman Calls Police On Black Family BBQing At Lake In Oakland." That was now infamous BBQ Becky.
真是一段令人困惑的时期。这类新闻不断涌现，而在2018年这些都变成了另一种类型的新闻，比如说，“白人女性报警举报黑人女性等优步。”报警的是布鲁克林贝基。还有，“白人女性报警举报8岁黑人小女孩卖水。”报警的是珀米特帕蒂。还有，“白人女性报警举报黑人家庭在奥克兰湖边烧烤。”报警的是臭名昭著的BBQ贝基。
04:58
And I contend that these stories of living while black are actually progress. We used to find out after the extrajudicial police killings. Now, we're getting video of people calling 911. We're moving upstream, closer to the problem and closer to the solution.
我认为这些黑人生活的新闻实际上代表着进步。我们过去总是在警察法外杀人事件后才知道。现在，我们看到的是人们打911报警的视频，我们向前进步了，离问题更近了，离解决办法也更近了。
05:15
So I started a collection of as many of these stories as I could find. I built an evolving, still-growing database at baratunde.com/livingwhileblack. Seeking understanding, I realized the process was really diagramming sentences to understand these headlines. And I want to thank my Sidwell English teacher Erica Berry and all English teachers. You have given us tools to fight for our own freedom.
然后，我就开始收集这类事件，能找到多少，我收集多少。baratunde.com/livingwhileblack 网站上，我建立了一个持续更新、持续扩大的数据库。在理解的过程中，我发现这其实是通过分析句子来理解这些标题的过程。感谢我在西德威尔中学的英语老师埃里卡·贝里，及所有英语老师。是你们教会了我争取自由的方法。
05:43
What I found was a process to break down the headline and understand the consistent layers in each one: a subject takes an action against a target engaged in some activity, so that "White Woman Calls Police On Eight-Year-Old Black Girl" is the same as "White Man Calls Police On Black Woman Using Neighborhood Pool" is the same as "Woman Calls Cops On Black Oregon Lawmaker Campaigning In Her District." They're the same. Diagramming the sentences allowed me to diagram the white supremacy which allowed such sentences to be true, and I will pause to define my terms.
我发现了把标题分解的过程，以及理解每个相同层次部分的意思：主体针对目标的行为而采取行动。所以“白人女性报警举报8岁黑人小女孩卖水，”和“白人男性报警举报黑人女性 使用邻居水池，”是一样的，和“白人女性报警举报俄勒冈州黑人立法者参与区内竞选“， 也是一样的。这些标题都是一样的。将这些句子进行分解处理，使我能够图解出白人至上模式，也使这些句子成立，我想先对术语定义做个介绍。
06:22
When I say "white supremacy," I'm not just talking about Nazis or white power activists, and I'm definitely not saying that all white people are racist. What I'm referring to is a system of structural advantage that favors white people over others in social, economic and political arenas. It's what Bryan Stevenson at the Equal Justice Initiative calls the narrative of racial difference, the story we told ourselves to justify slavery and Jim Crow and mass incarceration and beyond.
当我说“白人至上”的时候，不仅仅是指纳粹分子，或者是白人权利活动家，当然，我也绝不是说所有白人都会种族歧视。我指的是在社会、经济和政治领域偏向白人的结构体系。这正是布莱恩·史蒂文森在司法公正倡议中关于种族差异陈述，也是我们为了给奴隶制、吉姆·克劳、大规模监禁等正名而讲给自己听的故事。
06:55
So when I saw this pattern repeating, I got angry, but I also got inspired to create a game, a game of words that would allow me to transform this traumatic exposure into more of a healing experience. I'm going to talk you through the game.
所以，当看到这个模式反复出现时，我非常气愤，但我也因此获得灵感，发明了一个游戏， 这个文字游戏能让我将创伤体验转变成治愈体验。我给你们介绍一下这个游戏。
07:15
The first level is a training level, and I need your participation. Our objective: to determine if this is real or fake. Did this happen or not? Here is the example: "Catholic University Law Librarian Calls Police On Student For 'Being Argumentative.'" Clap your hands if you think this is real.
第一关是训练环节，我需要大家的参与。我们的目标是--判断真假。是否真的发生了这种事？ 看看这个例子：“天主教大学法律图书管理员报警举报学生‘太爱争辩’，”如果觉得这是真的，请鼓掌。
07:34
(Applause)
（掌声）
07:37
Clap your hands if you think this is fake.
如果觉得这是假的，请鼓掌。
07:40
(Applause)
（掌声）
07:43
The reals have it, unfortunately, and a point of information, being argumentative in a law library is the exact right place to do that.
不幸的是，这是真的，关键是在法律图书馆里雄辩四方，正是在对的地方做对的事情啊。
07:53
(Laughter)
（笑声）
07:54
This student should be promoted to professor.
应该把这个学生晋升成教授。
07:56
Training level complete, so we move on to the real levels.
好了，训练环节结束，我们进入实战环节。
08:00
Level one, our objective is simple: reverse the roles. That means "Woman Calls Cops On Black Oregon Lawmaker" becomes "Black Oregon Lawmaker Calls Cops On Woman." That means "White Man Calls Police On Black Woman Using Neighborhood Pool" becomes "Black Woman Calls Police On White Man Using Neighborhood Pool." How do you like them reverse racist apples?
第一关，我们的目标很简单：角色反转。也就是，“白人女性举报俄勒冈州黑人立法者参加区内竞选，”变成“俄勒冈黑人立法者报警举报白人女性“。“白人男性报警举报黑人女性使用邻居水池”变成“黑人女性报警举报白人男性使用邻家水池”。角色反转，你们感觉怎么样？
08:24
That's it, level one complete, and so we level up to level two, where our objective is to increase the believability of the reversal. Let's face it, a black woman calling police on a white man using a pool isn't absurd enough, but what if that white man was trying to touch her hair without asking, or maybe he was making oat milk while riding a unicycle, or maybe he's just talking over everyone in a meeting.
就这样，第一关结束，我们升级到第二关，我们的目标是：增加角色反转的可信度。面对现实吧，“黑人女性报警举报白人男性使用邻家水池”还不够荒谬，如果白人男人问都没问 就试图碰她的头发呢？或者他正在一边骑独轮车，一边准备燕麦奶呢？又或许他只是在会议中谈论每个人。
08:53
(Laughter)
（笑声）
08:54
We've all been there, right? Seriously, we've all been there.
我们都经历过那种场景，是吧？说真的，我们都经历过那种情况。
08:59
So that's it, level two complete. But it comes with a warning: simply reversing the flow of injustice is not justice. That is vengeance, that is not our mission, that's a different game so we level up to level three, where the objective is to change the action, also known as "calling the police is not your only option OMG, what is wrong with you people!"
就这样，第二关通关。不过，还有一则警告：仅仅调转不公平的矛头并不是公平的做法。那是报复，不是我们的任务。那是别的游戏了，所以我们升级到第三关，这一关的目标是：改变行动，也就是“报警并非唯一的选择，天哪，你们到底是怎么了？”
09:25
(Applause)
（掌声）
09:26
And I need to pause the game to remind us of the structure. A subject takes an action against a target engaged in some activity. "White Woman Calls Police On Black Real Estate Investor Inspecting His Own Property." "California Safeway Calls Cops On Black Woman Donating Food To The Homeless." "Gold Club Twice Calls Cops On Black Women For Playing Too Slow." In all these cases, the subject is usually white, the target is usually black, and the activities are anything, from sitting in a Starbucks to using the wrong type of barbecue to napping to walking "agitated" on the way to work, which I just call "walking to work."
现在，游戏要暂停一下，我要提醒大家注意句子结构：主体针对目标的行为而采取行动。“白人女性报警举报黑人地产投资者视察自家产业”，“加州西夫韦超市报警举报黑人女性向 流浪汉捐赠食物”，“高尔夫球俱乐部两次报警举报黑人女性打球太慢”。在所有这类例子中，主体一般是白人，而目标一般是黑人，其中遭举报的行为多种多样，如坐在星巴克、使用的烧烤架类型不对、打盹、“焦虑地”走在上班的路上，我觉得这就是“步行上班”而已。
10:12
(Laughter)
（笑声）
10:13
And, my personal favorite, not stopping his dog from humping her dog, which is clearly a case for dog police, not people police.
还有，我最喜欢的一则：男方未阻止自家狗狗与女方狗狗交配，这显然就得找专门管狗的警察，而不是找管人的警察。
10:24
All of these activities add up to living. Our existence is being interpreted as crime.
所有这样那样的活动叠加起来，就是生活。我们的存在被视为犯罪。
10:34
Now, this is the obligatory moment in the presentation where I have to say, not everything is about race. Crime is a thing, should be reported, but ask yourself, do we need armed men to show up and resolve this situation, because when they show up for me, it's different. We know that police officers use force more with black people than with white people, and we are learning the role of 911 calls in this. Thanks to preliminary research from the Center for Policing Equity, we're learning that in some cities, most of the interactions between cops and citizens is due to 911 calls, not officer-initiated stops, and most of the violence, the use of force by police on citizens, is in response to those calls. Further, when those officers responding to calls use force, that increases in areas where the percentage of the white population has also increased, aka gentrification, aka unicycles and oat milk, aka when BBQ Becky feels threatened, she becomes a threat to me in my own neighborhood, which forces me and people like me to police ourselves. We quiet ourselves, we walk on eggshells, we maybe pull over to the side of the road under the brightest light we can find so that our murder might be caught cleanly on camera, and we do this because we live in a system in which white people can too easily call on deadly force to ensure their comfort.
现在，讲到这里我必须说的是，并不是一切都与种族有关的。犯罪是问题，应该报警；但扪心自问，我们需要武装人员出面来解决上述这些问题吗？因为武装人员出面的话，对我来说，就不一样了。我们知道，警察对黑人使用的武力比对白人使用的武力要多，我们也越来越明白拨打911报警在其中的作用。多亏了警务公平中心的初步调查，我们了解到，在某些城市大部分警民之间的接触都是因为有人拨打了911报警，而不是警察主动出警制止的，而且警察对平民使用的大多数暴力和武力，都是因报警电话而起。此外，当警官以武力来给报警电话一个交待时，这种情况会越来越多，特别是在白人比例上涨的地区，也叫作贵族化，独轮车、燕麦奶、 也就是BBQ贝基觉得受到威胁时，她在我的社区对我来说也是一个威胁， 逼我和像我一样的人监督管制我们自己。我们沉默不语，我们如履薄冰，警察示意我们靠边停车时，我们会停在所能找到的最亮的街灯下。这样，若是我们被杀害，监控视频才可能清晰地记录下来，我们之所以这么做，是因为在我们生存的体系里，白人可以轻易地呼叫致命武力来保障自己的舒适生活。
12:12
(Applause)
（掌声）
12:17
The California Safeway didn't just call cops on black woman donating food to homeless. They ordered armed, unaccountable men upon her. They essentially called in a drone strike. This is weaponized discomfort, and it is not new.
加州西夫韦超市不仅报警了，举报黑人女性向流浪汉捐赠食物，还叫来了令人无法解释的武装人员。实际上，还有无人机空袭。这是武器化的不适，这也不是什么新闻了。
12:36
From 1877 to 1950, there were at least 4,400 documented racial terror lynchings of black people in the United States. They had headlines as well. "Rev. T.A. Allen was lynched in Hernando, Mississippi for organizing local sharecroppers." "Oliver Moore was lynched in Edgecomb County, North Carolina, for frightening a white girl." "Nathan Bird was lynched near Luling, Texas, for refusing to turn his son over to a mob." We need to change the action, whether that action is "lynches" or "calls police."
从1877年到1950年，至少有4400个记录在案的黑人在美国遭受种族恐怖私刑的内容。标题也是：“神父T.A.艾伦因组织地方佃农，在密西西比赫尔南多被处以私刑”，“奥利弗·摩尔吓唬白人小女孩，在北卡罗来纳州埃吉科姆县被处以私刑”，“内森·伯德拒绝将儿子交给暴徒，在德州庐陵附近被处以私刑”。我们要改变行动，不管是“处以私刑”，或是“打报警电话”。
13:12
And now that I have shortened the distance between those two, let's get back to our game, to our mission.
既然我已经缩短了两者之间的距离，让我们回到游戏、回到我们的任务中去吧。
13:18
Our objective in level three is to change the action. So what if, instead of "Calls Cops On Black Woman Donating Food To Homeless," that California Safeway simply thanks her. Thanking is far cheaper than bringing law enforcement to the scene.
在第三关，我们的目标是：改变行动。如果加州西夫韦超市没有报警投诉“黑人女性向流浪汉捐赠食物”，而只是向她表示感谢，会怎么样呢？一句感谢比把执法人员叫到现场要省钱省事。
13:34
(Applause)
（掌声）
13:34
Or, instead, they could give the food they would have wasted to her, upped their civic cred. Or, the white woman who called the police on the eight-year-old black girl, she could have bought all the inventory from that little black girl, support a small business. And the white woman who called the police on the black real estate investor, we would all be better off, the cops agree, if she had simply ignored him and minded her own damn business.
或者，他们可以把本会浪费的食物送给她，提升自己的公民信誉。而那位看到8岁黑人小女孩卖水的白人女性，她本可以买下给人小女孩所有的水，照顾小女孩的小生意。因黑人地产投资者而打电话报警的白人女性，如果直接忽略他、管好自己的事情，那我们都会过得更好，警察也不会有异议。
14:00
(Laughter)
（笑声）
14:02
Minding one's own damn business is an excellent choice, excellent choice. Choose it more often.
管好自己的事是非常机智的选择，建议多这样选！
14:08
Level three is complete, but there is a final bonus level, where the objective is inclusion. We have also seen headlines like this: "Powerful Man Masturbates In Front Of Young Women Visiting His Office." What an odd choice for powerful man to make. So many other actions available to him.
第三关完成，还有最后的奖励关，奖励关的目标是包容。我们也曾看到过这样的标题：“年轻女子到访办公室，强壮男子在其面前打飞机”，强壮男子的选择真奇怪。明明还有那么多其他选择呢。
14:30
(Laughter)
（笑声）
14:31
Like, such as, "listens to," "mentors," "inspired by, starts joint venture, everybody rich now."
比如说，“倾听”、“指导”、“受到鼓舞、创办合资企业、那现在大家都富裕了”。
14:40
(Laughter)
（笑声）
14:41
I want to live in that world of everybody rich now, but because of his poor choice, we are all in a poorer world. Doesn't have to be this way. This word game reminded me that there is a structure to white supremacy, as there is to misogyny, as there is to all systemic abuses of power. Structure is what makes them systemic. I'm asking people here to see the structure, where the power is in it, and even more importantly to see the humanity of those of us made targets by this structure.
我就想生活在一个人人富裕的世界里。但是因为他选错了，所以我们都生活在贫穷的世界中。本来不必如此。这个文字游戏提醒了我，白人至上有固定结构，就像厌女症有固定结构，就像所有的系统滥用权力也有固定结构。固定结构使其系统化。我请在座的各位看看其中的固定结构，其中的权力在哪里，更重要的是，看看我们中用这些结构“发起攻击”的人的人性。
15:18
I am here because I was loved and invested in and protected and lucky, because I went to the right schools, I'm semifamous, mostly happy, meditate twice a day, and yet, I walk around in fear, because I know that someone seeing me as a threat can become a threat to my life, and I am tired. I am tired of carrying this invisible burden of other people's fears, and many of us are, and we shouldn't have to, because we can change this, because we can change the action, which changes the story, which changes the system that allows those stories to happen. Systems are just collective stories we all buy into. When we change them, we write a better reality for us all to be a part of. I am asking us to use our power to choose. I am asking us to level up.
我能站到这里，是因为有人爱我、投资我、保护我，我很幸运，因为我上了好学校，我有点名气，我很开心，每天冥想两次，即使这样，我还在恐惧中生活，因为我知道，任何认为我是个威胁的人对我来说也是个威胁，我累了。我厌倦了，因为别人的恐惧而背负这个看不见的负担，我们很多人都厌倦了，我们本不需要背负这样的负担，因为我们可以改变现状，我们可以改变行动，从而改变新闻，以此改变允许那些新闻发生的系统。各种体系不过是我们 所相信的各种新闻的汇集。若我们改变各种体系， 我们就能为自己书写更美好的现实篇章。我恳请大家使用自己的选择权。我邀请大家一起通关升级。
16:25
Thank you. I am Baratunde Rafiq Thurston.
谢谢大家。我是巴拉顿·拉菲克·瑟斯顿。
16:30
(Applause)
（掌声）
