演讲MP3+双语文稿:一位双性人的演讲：我们理解性别的方式是错误
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:一位双性人的演讲：我们理解性别的方式是错误，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人】Emily Quinn
【演讲主题】我们看待生理性别的方式是错误的
【演讲文稿-中英文】
翻译者 J Chen 校对：Sun leying
（本视频包含成人内容）
[This talk contains mature content]
我有一个阴道。
I have a vagina.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
我只是觉得你们应该知道。你们中的有些人可能并不会对此惊讶。我看上去是个女人。我想，我穿着也像个女人。事实上，我也有着睾丸。我需要很多勇气站在这里和你们谈我的生殖器官。或是一点勇气。但我不是来谈勇敢或是勇气的。我说的是真的——我有睾丸。就在这里，就在你们很多人卵巢所在的地方。我既不是男人，也不是女人。我是双性人。
Just thought you should know. That might not come as a surprise to some of you. I look like a woman. I'm dressed like one, I guess. The thing is, I also have balls. And it does take a lot of nerve to come up here and talk to you about my genitalia. Just a little. But I'm not talking about bravery or courage. I mean literally -- I have balls. Right here, right where a lot of you have ovaries. I'm not male or female. I'm intersex.
大部分人认为人在生理上，要么是男人，要么是女人，但事实远远比这复杂。成为双性人的成因有很多。我的情况是，我出生就有XY染色体，你们也许知道这是男性染色体。我出生就有阴道，而睾丸在我的身体内。我对睾丸酮没有反应，所以青春期时，我的胸部增大，但是从未有过粉刺，体毛或是（过多）油脂。你们也许会嫉妒吧。
Most people assume that you're biologically either a man or a woman, but it's actually a lot more complex than that. There are so many ways somebody could be intersex. In my case, it means I was born with XY chromosomes, which you probably know as male chromosomes. And I was born with a vagina and balls inside my body. I don't respond to testosterone, so during puberty, I grew breasts, but I never got acne or body hair, body oil. You can be jealous of that.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
但是尽管我实际上没有子宫——我出生时就没有，所以我没有月经，我不能生孩子。我们根据人们的生殖器对其分类。甚至在孩子出生之前，我们就问是个男孩，还是个女孩，好像这事实上很重要似的；好像如果孩子没有你想要的生殖器，你就会对有孩子这件事情不那么兴奋似的；好像一个人腿间的东西（生殖器）能告诉你关于这个人的任何事情似的。他们善良、慷慨、有趣吗？聪明吗？当他们长大时，他们想成为什么样的人？
But even though I don't actually have a uterus -- I was born without one, so I don't menstruate, I can't have biological children. We put people in boxes based on their genitalia. Before a baby's even born, we ask whether it's a boy or a girl, as if it actually matters; as if you're going to be less excited about having a baby if it doesn't have the genitals you wanted; as if what's between somebody's legs tells you anything about that person. Are they kind, generous, funny? Smart? Who do they want to be when they grow up?
实际上，生殖器不会告诉你任何东西。但是，我们仍根据它们来定义自我。在这个社会，我们喜欢将人们分类，彼此互贴标签。这或许让我们有了一丝归属感，教会我们如何相互交流。但是这有一个很大的问题：生理性别不是非黑即白的。它是在一个区间上的。
Genitals don't actually tell you anything. Yet, we define ourselves by them. In this society, we love putting people into boxes and labeling each other. It kind of gives us a sense of belonging and teaches us how to interact with one another. But there's one really big problem: biological sex is not black or white. It's on a spectrum.
除了你的生殖器，你还有染色体，性腺，比如卵巢或睾丸。你有内部性器官，荷尔蒙分泌，荷尔蒙反应，以及第二性征，比如乳房发育和体毛等等。生理性别的七个方面，都存在着很多的变化，但我们只面临着两个选择：男性或女性。这让我感到有些荒谬，因为我无法想到任何其他的人类特征，只存在两个选项：肤色、头发、身高、眼睛。你只可以有A类鼻子或B类鼻子，没有其他选项。
Besides your genitalia, you also have your chromosomes, your gonads, like ovaries or testicles. You have your internal sex organs, your hormone production, your hormone response and your secondary sex characteristics, like breast development, body hair, etc. Those seven areas of biological sex all have so much variation, yet we only get two options: male or female. Which is kind of absurd to me, because I can't think of a single other human trait that there's only two options for: skin color, hair, height, eyes. You can either have nose A or nose B, that's it, no other options.
如果有无数种方式来呈现我们的身体，来定义我们的思维，来表现我们的个性，那么在生理性别上存在多种选择，不也就说得通了吗？你们知道除了XX或XY染色体，你可以同时拥有XX和XY染色体吗？或是你可以多有一个X——XXY。或是多两个X——XXXY。以此类推。对于那么只有XX或XY的“正常”人来说，这意味着什么？我拥有XY染色体。如果在犯罪现场发现了我的基因，只是打个比方，但是谁知道呢。
If there are infinite ways for our bodies to look, our minds to think, personalities to act, wouldn't it make sense that there's that much variety in biological sex, too? Did you know that besides XX or XY chromosomes, you could have XX and XY chromosomes? Or you could have an extra X -- XXY. Or two extra -- XXXY. Goes on from there. And for those "normal" people with XX or XY, what does that mean? I have XY chromosomes. If my DNA is found at the scene of a crime -- not saying it will, but, you know, we'll see.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
如果我的骨骼在数千年后被发现，我会被标记成男性。真是这样吗？我的睾丸会说是的。但我的其他部分呢？如果一个女人得了卵巢癌，不得不摘掉她的卵巢呢？她还算是个女人吗？那些生来没有睾丸或卵巢的双性人，或是只有一种，或是两者都有的双性人呢？他们该何去何从？必须得拥有子宫，才能算得上女人吗？我们中的很多都生来没有子宫。
If my skeleton is discovered thousands of years from now, I'll be labeled male. Is that the truth? My balls would say so. But what about the rest of me? And what if a woman has ovarian cancer and has to have her ovaries removed? Does she still qualify as a woman? What about other intersex people who are born without balls or ovaries or with just one or a combination of the two? Where do they go? Do you have to have a uterus to be a woman? There's a lot of us who are born without one.
下面是大家喜闻乐见的部分，生殖器：要么是这一个，要么是另一个，对吗？你要么有这么粗的六英寸长的阴茎，以90度角伸出身体，要么有内部这么宽的阴道，和位于阴道口上方半英寸的阴蒂，以及看上去就和它们应该看上去一样的阴唇，就像你某次从色情片里看到的那样。你应该记起来了。如果你一生中有过多于一个的性伴侣，你把他们一个接一个排起来，我保证你可以根据他们的生殖器认出他们。
And everyone's favorite part, genitalia: you either have one or the other, right? You either have a six-inch-long penis that's exactly this thick, jutting straight out of the body at a 90-degree angle, or you have a vagina that's this wide internally and a clitoris that's half an inch above the vaginal opening and labia that look exactly like they're supposed to look like, according to that one porn video you watched that one time. You know the one. If you've been with more than one sexual partner in your lifetime, and you line them up, one by one, I guarantee you can identify them just by their genitalia.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
想想看吧。继续想。
Think about it. Go on.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
我懂你们。不做评判。只是说说。都不一样，对吧？
I see you. No judging. Just notice. All different, right?
性和性别这对二元组合在我们的社会里十分根深蒂固，我们每时每刻都会想到。我们自动的把彼此分进一个类别，或是剩下的一个类别，好像这真的很重要似的。直到有人让你对此产生怀疑。如果你们认为我是个例外、是个反常现象、是个非典型案例：人群中有2%的人为双性人。这和人群中红色头发的人数比例相当。相当于大约有1.5亿人，这比整个俄罗斯的人口还要多。所以不必多言，我们数量庞大。我们既不是新产生的，也不是少见的。我们只是隐形罢了。我们在历史上的每个文化里都存在过。但是，我们从不提及这件事。
The sex and gender binary are both so ingrained in our society, that we never stop to think about it. We just automatically place each other into one box or the other, as if it actually matters. Until somebody comes along to make you question it. And if you're thinking that I'm the exception, an anomaly, an outlier: intersex people represent around two percent of the population. That's the same percentage as genetic redheads. It's about 150 million people, roughly, which is more than the entire population of Russia. So there's a lot of us, needless to say. We're not new or rare. We're just invisible. We've existed throughout every culture in history. Yet, we never talk about it.
事实上，许多人或许不知道他们是双性人。你们是否参加过核型测试来确定你们的染色体？是否取过一整版的血样来测试你们的荷尔蒙水平？去年，我的一个朋友在他50多岁时才发现。interACT这个在美国为双性人争取权利的先锋组织的执行董事，她在41岁时才发现她是双性人。她的医生们在她15岁时就知道了，但是他们没有告诉她。他们谎称她得了癌症，因为这看上去比说她不“完全”是个女人来的要简单。这类事情经常发生，即在身体这件事上，双性人被欺骗，被蒙在鼓里，人们为此感到惊讶。但是我们生活在这个一点都不谈论性或身体的社会里，除非是嘲弄对方。
In fact, a lot of people might not know that they're intersex. Have you had a karyotype test to determine your chromosomes? What about a full blood panel for all of your hormone levels? A friend of mine found out last year, in his 50s. The executive director of interACT, which is the leading organization for intersex human rights here in the US, she found out she was intersex at age 41. Her doctors found out when she was 15, but they didn't tell her. They lied and said that she had cancer, because that seemed like an easier option than finding out she wasn't "fully" a woman. This kind of thing happens a lot, where intersex people are lied to or kept in the dark about our bodies, which comes as a surprise to a lot of people. But we live in a society that doesn't talk about sex or bodies at all, unless it's to mock or shame each other.
我在10岁时发现了我是双性人，大部分时间来说，我坦然接受了这一点。这没怎么让我惊恐；我那时还在形成我对世界的理解。直到我长得更大了些时，我才意识到我不符合社会对我的期许，我不属于这里，我是个异类。那时，羞耻感开始产生了。多少次，你看到过孩子们和他们性别“相左”的 玩具玩耍？或是穿上了“不对”的衣服？一直都有，对吗？孩子们对性别规范没有概念，他们不会对他们应该成为什么样的人，或是他们应该爱什么样的人产生羞耻感。他们对这些事情毫不关心。他们不会感到羞耻，直到我们强加给他们。
I found out I was intersex at age 10, and for the most part, I was fine with that information. It didn't really faze me; I was still developing my understanding of the world. It wasn't until I got older and realized I didn't fit society's expectations of me, that I didn't belong, that I was abnormal. And that's when the shame started. How many times have you seen kids play with the "wrong" toys for their gender? Or try on the "wrong" clothes? All the time, right? Kids don't have these ideas about gender norm, they don't have shame about who they're supposed to be or what they're supposed to like or love. They don't care about any of this stuff. They don't have shame until we put it on them.
我的医生们也对我撒了谎。10岁时，他们对我说如果我不移除我的睾丸的话，我就会得癌症。然后，他们每年都会这么对我说。直至今日，仍有医生告诉我要摘掉它们。但是，这背后真的没有原因。如果一个典型的XY男性，比如你自己，有睾丸的话，而其中一个是未降睾丸，那么这个睾丸很可能会发展出癌症——或是有更高的癌症风险。睾丸需要温控调节。所以它们会下降远离身体来降温，或是收缩回升来升温。我的睾丸不会这么做。它们不对睾丸酮产生反应，它们不会产生精子。它们在我的身体里好好的。但是，由于对双性人知识的匮乏，我的医生们永远都不知道这其中的差别。他们永远都不能真正理解我的身体。
I also had doctors lie to me. At age 10, they told me that I would also get cancer unless I removed my balls. Then they proceeded to tell me that every year. Until today, there are still doctors who want me to remove them. But there's literally no reason. If a typical XY male, like yourself, has testicles, and one is undescended, there's a high chance of it becoming cancerous -- or a higher chance of it becoming cancerous. They need to thermoregulated. So they drop down away from the body to cool off, or they shrink back up to get warm. Mine don't need to do that. They're not responding to testosterone, they're not producing sperm. They're fine right here inside my body. Yet, because there's such a lack of information about intersex people, my doctors never understood the difference. They never really understood my body.
随着我长大，我遇到另一个医生，告诉我，我的阴道需要动手术。她告诉我，除非我动手术，除非她主刀，否则我将不能和我的丈夫有 “正常的性行为”。她的原话。最终我没有进行手术，我十分感激我的决定。我在这就不谈我的性生活了。
As I got older, I had another doctor tell me that I needed to have surgery on my vagina. She said that until I had an operation, until she operated, I would not be able to have "normal sex" with my husband one day. Her words. I didn't end up going through with the operation, and I'm incredibly grateful for that. I'm not here to talk about my sex life.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
其实我的性生活挺不错的。
But let's just say it's fine.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
我很好，我的身体也很好。如果我不告诉你们的话，你们实际上不会发现我和另一个人的区别；你们不会发现我是双性人，除非我告诉你们。但又一次，因为对于身体知识的匮乏，我的医生没法理解其中的区别。大部分时间来说，我的性生活很不错。唯一真正的问题是，有时，性情景会勾起医生触碰我时的回忆，从我十岁起，一遍又一遍的触碰。我很幸运能够逃脱——没想到我竟然有些不能自已——我很幸运能够逃脱来自那些不必要的手术的生理伤害。但是双性人无法避免来自社会的精神伤害，这个双性人生存的社会，在努力掩盖他们的存在。我的许多双性人朋友都做了这样的手术。许多时候，他们会移除像我身体内一样的睾丸，尽管我患睾丸癌的概率要小于一个没有疾病体质、没有家族病史的正常女人患乳腺癌的概率。但是我们不会让她摘掉乳房，是吗？
I'm fine, my body is fine. You actually wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between me and another person unless I told you; you wouldn't be able to tell that I was intersex unless I told you. But again, because of the lack of understanding about bodies, my doctor didn't understand the difference. And for the most part, my sex life is fine. The only issue that really comes up is that sometimes, sexual situations bring up memories of doctors touching me, over and over again since I was 10. I've been really lucky to escape -- I didn't think I would get emotional -- I've been really lucky to escape the physical harm that comes from these unnecessary surgeries. But no intersex person is free from the emotional harm that comes from living in a society that tries to cover up your existence. Most of my intersex friends have had operations like these. Oftentimes, they will remove testes like mine, even though my risk of testicular cancer is lower than the risk of breast cancer in a typical woman with no predisposition, no family history. But we don't tell her to remove her breasts, do we?
很难找到没有做过手术的双性人。很多时候，这些手术的目的是为了提高双性人孩子的生命质量，但是它们往往起了反作用，造成了更多的伤害和综合征，既有身体上的，也有心理上的。我不是说所有的医生都是坏的或是邪恶的。我只是说，我们生活在这么一个社会，促使医生去“修正”我们这些不符合他们定义的正常的人。我们不是需要被修正的问题。我们只是生活在一个需要被教化的社会里。
It's rare to meet an intersex person that hasn't been operated on. Oftentimes, these surgeries are done to improve intersex kids' lives, but they usually end up doing the opposite, causing more harm and complications, both physical and emotional. I'm not saying that doctors are bad or evil. It's just that we live in a society that causes some doctors to "fix" those of us who don't fit their definition of normal. We're not problems that need to be fixed. We just live in a society that needs to be enlightened.
我正在尝试的一种方法是，创造无性别的青春期指南，在孩子成长的过程中教他们认知自己的身体。不是女孩的身体或是男孩的身体——只是他们的身体。我们常常对我们无法控制的身体上的事情有着不切实际的期许。我是说，如果一个人可以长出浓郁的、茂密的、嬉皮士般的胡子，而另一个人只能长出几撮小胡子，这对于判断他们是不是男性意味着什么？什么都没有。最有可能的解释只有，他们的毛囊细胞对睾丸酮的反应不尽相同。但是，你们何曾听过多少男人会因为类似的事情感到羞愧吗？
One of the ways I'm doing that is by creating a genderless puberty guidebook that can teach kids about their bodies as they grow up. Not their girl bodies or their boy bodies -- just their bodies. We often place unrealistic expectations on the things that our bodies do that are outside of our control. I mean, if one man can grow a full, luxurious, hipster beard, and the other can only grow a few mustache hairs, what does that mean about who they are as men? Nothing. It literally, most likely, just means that their hair follicles respond to testosterone in different ways. Yet, how many times have you heard a man ashamed about something like this?
试想这样一个世界，在这个社会中，人们不会因为身体拥有某个特点，或没有某个特点，而感到羞愧。我想要改变这个社会上我们对于生理性别的看法——这需要做很多工作。或许你们会说这很勇敢。
Imagine a world where we could live in a society that teaches us not to have shame about the things that our bodies do or do not do. I want to change the way that we think about biological sex in this society -- which is a lot to ask for. You could say it's ballsy, I guess.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
但是最终我们接受了世界是圆的，不是吗？我们不再认为男同性恋患有精神疾病，或认为女同性恋患有癔症。我们不再认为癫痫是恶魔附体，这很好对吧。
But eventually we accepted the world as round, right? We no longer diagnose gay people with mental disorders or women with hysteria. We don't think epilepsy is caused by the devil anymore, so that's cool.
（笑声）
（Laughter）
我们不断地改变和演进，作为社会也因我们越来越理解开化。生理性别是在一个区间上的。它不是非黑即白。这样的知识不仅能够拯救双性人孩子免于身体和精神的伤害，而且我认为这也有助于所有人。这里有没有人曾经因为不够女孩子，或是太女孩子气了，抑或是不够男子汉，或是太男子气了而感到没有自信或羞耻？我们一直都因人们不按其类别行事而羞辱他们，但是事实是，我认为我们羞辱他人是为了让他人不会意识到我们也没有按类行事。真相是没有人真正归属于一类，因为类别并不存在。这个双元的，错误的男-女表象只是我们自己构建出来的东西。它没有必要存在。我们可以瓦解掉它。这就是我想做的。你们愿意加入我吗？
We constantly change and evolve, the more we understand as a society. And biological sex is on a spectrum. It's not black or white. Not only could that knowledge save intersex kids from physical and emotional harm, I think it would help everyone else, too. Who here has ever felt inadequate or ashamed because you weren't girly enough, you were too girly, you weren't manly enough, or too manly? We constantly shame people for not fitting into a box, but the reality is, I think we shame others because it prevents them from seeing that we don't fit inside our boxes, either. And the truth is that nobody actually fits in a box, because they don't exist. This binary, this false male-female facade is something we constructed, we built ourselves. But it doesn't have to exist. We can break it down. And that's what I want to do. Will you join me?
谢谢。
Thanks.
（掌声）
（Applause）
