虚拟语气考点 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as引导的定语从句

考点2 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as引导的定语从句

关系代词主要有that, who, whom, whose, which, as等，其中who和whom只用于指人，which和as只用于指事物，whose和that既可用于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

1. 关系代词who/whom

关系代词who/whom指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语。

The man who lives in that house is my uncle.

住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。（who指人，在从句中作主语）

The girl（whom）the teacher often praises is our monitor.

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。

Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。

注意

关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。

The man（whom/who）you met just now is my old friend.

你刚才见到的那位男士是我的老朋友。

2. 关系代词which

关系代词which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The book which cost me a lot of money is very interesting.

我花很多钱买来的那本书很有趣。

My sister likes the gift（which）I gave her yesterday. 妹妹喜欢我昨天送她的礼物。

European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it one of the most popular sports in the world. 有80个国家在踢欧式足球，这使它成为全世界最流行的体育运动之一。

3. 关系代词that

关系代词that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The bag that（=which）lies on the ground is hers. 地上的那个包是她的。

The old man that（=whom/who）I visited yesterday is my teacher.

我昨天拜访的那位老人是我的老师。

4. 关系代词whose

关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.

我拜访了一位全国知名的科学家。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.

我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意

指人或物时，常用of whom/of which结构来代替：

Do you know the doctor, whose son is a doctor too?

=Do you know the doctor,the son of whom/of whom the son is a doctor too?

你认识那位医生吗？他的儿子也是一名医生。

There is a church, whose door faces south.

=there is a church,the door of which/of which the door faces south.

有一座教堂，窗户朝南。

5. as引导的定语从句

（1）as引导的限制性定语从句：

as引导限制性定语从句时，它通常要与such, the same, as搭配，即构成such... as..., the same... as..., as... as... 这样的固定搭配，同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去那样愚蠢。

He rides as expensive a bike as he can afford. 他骑一辆他买得起的最贵的自行车。

I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。

（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块，故由as引导定语从句。）

This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。

（这块手表和我丢的手表是同一块，故由that引导定语从句。）

（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句

as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常用于as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。

As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great writer.

美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的作家。（as在从句中作主语）

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。（as在从句中作表语）

As we all know, the earth is round.

众所周知，地球是圆的。（as在从句中作宾语）