44　不定式的语态　Track42

 

（1）一般来讲，在句中若出现了不定式动作的执行者时，则不定式用主动形式。若没有执行者或不定式所修饰的成分是不定式动作的承受者，则不定式用被动形式。
请比较：

 
更多例句：
a.I have a lot of clothes to wash .（由I来wash，I是动作的执行者）
b.The box is too heavy for me to carry .
c.She doesn't like to be treated as a distinguished guest.（She是动作treat的承受者）
d.No one hoped to be laughed at like that.
e.These sheets are to be washed .
f.This form is to be filled out in ink.
g.It's an honor for me to be invited to address the international conference.
h.It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.（不定式作主语）
经常有人提醒自己注意缺点，这是必要的。
i.She asked to be given an easy assignment.（作宾语）
她要求分给她一份轻松点的活儿。
j.He wanted the letter to be delivered at once.（作宾补）
他想让信件立即发出。
k.She was too old to be assigned such work.（作状语）
她年纪大了，不适宜做这份工作。
l.It is known that electrical and chemical energy began _________systematically in the last century.
A. study
B. to study
C. to be studied
D. studied
正确答案：C。
m.Mr. Johnson preferred_________heavier work to do.
A. to be given
B. to be giving
C. to have given
D. having given
正确答案：A。
（2）形容词后边的不定式通常用不定式的主动形式来表示被动意思。
a.English is difficult to speak .
b.Relativity theory is hard to understand .
c.The box is too heavy to move .
d.The sentence was difficult to translate .
e.This magazine is interesting to read . = I found the magazine interesting to read .
（3） to let（出租），to blame（责备）
这两个短语是固定用法，主动形式表示被动意思。
a.You should be to blame for it.　你应该因此受到责备。
b.The house is to let .　此房出租。
（4）不定式完成被动式及双重被动结构
完成被动式：
a.The book is said to have been published.
b.The construction is reported to have been completed.
双重被动式：
c.The book is said to have been published.
d.The construction is reported to have been completed.
e.The book is not allowed to be taken out of the library.
比较：（单一被动结构）
f.You are not allowed to smoke here.
g.You are not allowed to take the exam paper out of the classroom.
可用于这种双重被动结构的动词有：
allow　announce　attempt　believe　desire　enable
expect　intend　mean　order　permit　propose
report　say
h.The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to_________by Robert Bunsen, who was German by birth.
A. be invented
B. have been invented
C. have invented
D. invent
正确答案：B。
i.The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
正确答案：B。