高中语法专练：iv. 同位语从句

iv. 同位语从句

1. that同位语从句

1）同位语从句一般由that引导，而且不能省略，相当于表语从句所起的作用。

We should face the fact that we have run out of money.

我们应该面对我们已经花完钱的事实。

There's no doubt that we will finish our work within two hours.

毫无疑问我们两小时内将完成我们的工作。

2）有时候，为了避免句子头重脚轻，同位语从句可以与名词分割开来。

Word came that the front was in great need of medical workers.

传来消息说前方急需医疗工作者。

News reached Shanghai that Liu Xiang broke the world record in the match.

传到上海的消息说刘翔在比赛中破世界纪录了。

3）后可接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact, belief, hope, idea, doubt, news, rumor, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, discovery, explanation, information, knowledge, law, truth, opinion, promise, report, thought, statement, possibility, advice等。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得比赛的消息令人激动。

The advice that we should have a rest is reasonable.

我们应该休息一下的建议是合情合理的。

2. wh- 引导同位语从句

1）引导同位语从句的wh-连词在从句中作一定的成分，而且表达意义。

The problem where we can get money hasn't been solved.

我们去哪里搞到钱的问题仍然没有解决。

2）引导同位语从句的wh-连词不能省略。

Have you any idea how soon they are coming?

你不知道他们多久就回来了吗？

My original question , why he did it at all, has not been answered.

我原先的问题——为什么他做了此事——还没有得到答复。

3）同位名词多含有疑问意义，如doubt, wonder, problem, question, no idea等。

I have no idea what has happened to him.

我不知道他出了什么事情。

有时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，同位语从句可与名词分隔开来。

3. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别：

1）that在定语从句中既代替先行词，又在从句中作一定成分。而that在同位语从句中只起连接作用，不在句中作任何成分。

The news that our team was defeated surprised all of us students. （同位语从句）

我们队被打败的消息使我们学生都很吃惊。

The news that we heard at the meeting was surprising. （定语从句，先行词在主句中作heard的宾语）

我们在会议上听到的消息是令人吃惊的。

2）定语从句是形容词性的，对先行词进行修饰、限定，描述其性质和特征。同位语从句是名词性的，对名词进行补充说明和解释。

The proposal he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. （定语从句，省略关系代词）

他提出的建议将要在会议上讨论。

The proposal that we should learn a second foreign language is to be discussed at the meeting. （同位语从句）

我们应该学习一门二外的建议将要在会议上讨论。

3）名词doubt在肯定句中，后跟whether引导的同位语从句；doubt在否定句或疑问句中，后跟that引导的同位语从句。

I have no doubt that our class will win the game.

我不怀疑我们班将会赢得比赛。

There's still some doubt whether he is telling a lie.

她是否在说谎仍然有疑问。

Do you still have any doubt that I can finish the work in time?

你仍然怀疑我是否能按时完成这项工作吗？

4）who引导的疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的同位语从句。

Who will have the doubt that he can do the job well?

谁会怀疑他能做好这项工作呢？

4. 常见的同位语从句与同位名词分割开来的句型有：

Word came that ...有消息传来说……

News arrived that ...有消息传来说……

Order reached sb. that ...某人收到命令……

A story goes that ...有个故事这样说……

Information has been put forward that ...传来的信息为……

The fact remains that ...事实仍然是……

Suddenly the thought came to me that ...我突然想起……

The fact has to be faced that ... 不得不面对的事实是……

The fact has to be faced that we have run out our money.

我们面对的事实是我们已经花光了钱。

专项练习

1. Word came _______ I was wanted on the phone.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

2. An idea came to her _______ she might do the experiment in another way.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

3. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

4. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. why

5. A story goes _______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

6. I have no doubt _______ he will get through the examination.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. as

7. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.

A. that what

B. what that

C. that

D. whether

8. He always works hard even if he knows the fact _______ he is not in good health.

A. which

B. that

C. why

D. while

9. We all know the truth _______ there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things.

A. in wherever

B. that wherever

C. where

D. that

10. The social problem _______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

A. whether

B. if

C. what

D. which

11. Do you have any idea _______?

A. how I was worried

B. how worried I was

C. how worried was I

D. what I was worried

12. _______ came that we would go to Nanjing for social investigation.

A. Words

B. The word

C. A word

D. Word

13. Today there is evidence _______ the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as those of the land.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. /

14. The news _______ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people's hearts with deep sorrow.

A. which

B. when

C. that

D. how

15. There is no doubt _______ Premier Wen Jiabao is an excellent leader.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. /

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